Die Atmung beim KolibriAmazilia fimbriata w�hrend des Schwirrfluges bei verschiedenen Umgebungstemperaturen

Berger, Martin; Hart, J. S.

doi:10.1007/bf00697756

Cited by 81 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As T a changes, flying pigeons alter both evaporative and nonevaporative rates of heat loss to maintain thermal balance with a constant metabolic rate . Almost complete substitution apparently also occurs in the 5.5-g hummingbird, the glittering-throated emerald (Amaziliajimbricata), hovering at Ta's down to O°C (Hart and Berger 1972). Hart and Berger's estimates of thermal conductance in this hummingbird are consistent with behavioral observations indicating that hummingbirds alter their thermolysis during flight at different temperatures (e.g., Udvardy 1983).…”

Section: Thermogenesis Associated With Exercisementioning

confidence: 58%

Avian Adjustments to Cold

Marsh

Dawson

1989

Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology

112

104

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Section: Thermogenesis Associated With Exercisementioning

confidence: 58%

Avian Adjustments to Cold

Marsh

Dawson

1989

Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology

112

104

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“…Usually, the animals will learn to avoid this flavored solution. Wide ranges of positively reinforcing drugs were shown to produce CTA within similar dose ranges [41,42].…”

Section: F) Sensitivity To the Aversive Effects (Conditioned Taste Avmentioning

confidence: 98%

Individual Differences in Vulnerability to Drug Abuse: The High Responders/Low Responders Model

Kabbaj¹

2006

CNSNDDT

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In this review we shall attempt to summarize the literature published on the high responders/low responders' animal model of drug addiction. This model is based on the locomotor activity of rats in the mild stress of a novel environment. Rats that exhibit high rates of exploratory behaviours are deemed high responders (HR) and rats that exhibit low exploratory behaviours are deemed low responders (LR). Interestingly, the rate of these exploratory behaviours predicts the response of these animals to drugs of abuse. In this manuscript we will review the behavioural and physiological differences between HR and LR rats in response to d-amphemtamine, cocaine, morphine, alcohol and nicotine.

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“…The relatively small size of the experimental enclosure greatly constrained the forward flight speed of the hummingbirds. Estimates of the oxygen consumption rate in small hummingbirds as a function of flight speed indicate a relatively flat relationship at low flight speeds, suggesting metabolic rate during hovering is equal to metabolic rate during forward flight in this range (Berger and Hart, 1972). As a result, we assume the metabolic cost of low-speed forward flight within the enclosure to be equal to the cost of hovering.…”

Section: Time and Energy Budgetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation rate and turnover of ingested sugar in hovering Anna's(Calypte anna) and rufous (Selasphorus rufus)hummingbirds

Welch

Suarez

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Hummingbirds obtain most of their dietary calories from floral nectar ingested during hovering flight. Despite the importance of dietary sugar to hummingbird metabolism, the turnover of newly ingested carbon in the pool of actively metabolized substrates has not been adequately characterized in hovering hummingbirds. By combining respirometry with stable carbon isotope analysis of respired breath, we show that in rufous (Selasphorus rufus) and Anna's (Calypte anna) hummingbirds at high foraging frequencies, utilization of newly ingested sugars increased over a period of 30–45 min until it accounted for virtually 100% of the fuel oxidized. This newly ingested sugar disappears from the actively metabolized pool of substrates over a similar time course. These results demonstrate that turnover of carbon in the pool of actively metabolized substrates is rapid; carbon from ingested sucrose is available for oxidation for 30–45 min before being cleared. By monitoring expired CO2 for the appearance and disappearance of the signature characteristic of newly ingested sugar and then calculating energy budgets using video recordings of hummingbird activity, we estimated the proportion of recently ingested sugar used to fuel ongoing metabolism as well as the proportion devoted to energy storage. Consistent differences between species in the percentage of ingested cane sugar oxidized during the 2 h experimental periods suggest that individuals of each species adopted energy intake patterns appropriate to their needs. This approach provides a means by which to examine the partitioning of dietary carbon intake between energy expenditure and storage using non-invasive, field-compatible techniques.

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Die Atmung beim KolibriAmazilia fimbriata w�hrend des Schwirrfluges bei verschiedenen Umgebungstemperaturen

Cited by 81 publications

References 21 publications

Avian Adjustments to Cold

Avian Adjustments to Cold

Individual Differences in Vulnerability to Drug Abuse: The High Responders/Low Responders Model

Oxidation rate and turnover of ingested sugar in hovering Anna's(Calypte anna) and rufous (Selasphorus rufus)hummingbirds

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