Diclofenac removal in urine using strong-base anion exchange polymer resins

Effect of resin charged functional group, porosity, and chemical matrix on the long-term pharmaceutical removal mechanism by conventional ion exchange resins

“…Likewise, in this study, no significant difference in the long-term removal mechanism of the 12 pharmaceuticals was observed due to the difference in resin porosity between the 201 Â 4 and D201 resins. In previous investigations, Zhou et al (2012) observed much more effective TC adsorption by mesoporous than microporous resins, while Landry and Boyer (2013) achieved higher DCF removal with a gel resin than a macroporous resin. When the two commercial resins with identical particle size and charged functional groups used in this study were compared, the observed difference in DCF removal (Landry and Boyer, 2013) could be attributed to the combined effect of the different resin porosities and charged functional groups (trimethylamine vs. triethylamine), while the observed difference in TC removal (Zhou et al, 2012) could be attributed to the combined effect of different resin porosities and particle sizes (100e150 vs. 400e600 mm), because smaller particles generally provide a higher surface area to volume ratio, and therefore more NOM is removed (Humbert et al, 2007;Neale and Sch€ afer, 2009).…”

“…Many studies have highlighted the strong potential of commercial anion exchange resins (AERs) to remove pharmaceuticals from various water matrices (Michael-Kordatou et al, 2015) (e.g., MIEX ® resins for seven sulfonamide antibiotics, seven tetracyclic antibiotics (Choi et al, 2007), estrone (Neale et al, 2010), triclosan, and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (Huang et al, 2011); Lewatit MP500 resins for SMX and sulfamethazine (Fern andez et al, 2014); Purolite A520E resins for diclofenac (DCF) (Landry and Boyer, 2013); Dowex 22 resins for DCF, ketoprofen, and naproxen (NPX), ibuprofen, paracetamol (Landry et al, 2015); IRA938, IRA958, IRA458, and IRA402 resins for nalidixic acid (Robberson et al, 2006); and Oasis MAX resin for caffeine and metformin (B€ auerlein et al, 2012)). Due to the presence of various functional groups (e.g., eOH, eCOONa, eSO 3 Na, eN]Ne, and phenolic hydroxyl groups), many pharmaceutical molecules can simultaneously participate in both electrostatic interactions (i.e., Coulombic forces between the positively charged quaternary ammonium functional groups of AERs and the anionic moieties of pharmaceuticals) and various non-electrostatic interactions (B€ auerlein et al, 2012).…”

“…For example, the high DCF removal by AER was attributed to the combination of Coulombic interactions, van der Waals interactions between the polystyrenic resin matrix and benzene rings of DCF, and possibly Hbonding between the dimethylethanol amine functional group side chain and the carboxylate and amine functional groups of DCF (Landry et al, 2015). Non-electrostatic interactions have often been demonstrated to significantly enhance pharmaceutical removal selectivity during AER treatment (Li and SenGupta, 2004;Landry and Boyer, 2013;Landry et al, 2015). In some cases, nonelectrostatic interaction-dominated neutral resins are even more effective for pharmaceutical removal than AERs when these pharmaceuticals are undissociated (Robberson et al, 2006;Domínguez et al, 2011;Huang et al, 2012;Zhou et al, 2012).…”

Effects of Anions on Perfluorohexanoic Acid Adsorption onto Anion Exchange Polymers, Non-ion Exchange Polymers and Granular Activated Carbon

“…Chloride, sulfate and nitrate ions are common anions in industrial wastewater. The anions can directly compete with target compounds for the adsorption sites on anion exchange polymers 18,19) . Therefore, the investigation of selective absorption of PFHxA in presence of competing anions is necessary to solve practical adsorption treatment techniques.…”

Investigating the Influence of Some Environmental Factors on the Stability of Paracetamol, Naproxen, and Diclofenac in Simulated Natural Conditions

“…In Poland, only in the year 2004 there were about 34 million packs of the medicines in question sold [16]. Needless to say, the drugs are commonly reported to be present in surface waters and waste, as well as in treated wastewater [17][18][19].…”