Diazaspirocycles: novel platforms for efficient phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes

Abstract

Diazaspirocycle molecular platforms were used to construct hosts for efficient phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes.

Recent advancement in the synthesis of diverse spiro-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalines: a review

“…It is conceivable that the reaction involves the formation of Knoevenagel adduct 11-(propane-2-ylidene)-11Hindeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline A via the condensation reaction of malononitrile 38 with indenoquinoxalinone 3 (generated in situ from the condensation reaction of o-phenylenediamine 2 with ninhydrin 1) followed by the Michael addition of various 2nitroethene-1,1-diamines 127. Subsequently, the cycloaddition of an amine group to the cyano moiety occurs with successive rearrangements to afford the desired corresponding spiroindenoquinoxaline derivatives 128 in good yields.In 2018, Fan et al118 reported the novel spirocyclic compound 10H-spiro[acridine-9,110-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline] (SAIQ) 131 containing an electron-donating acridine unit and an electron-withdrawing pyrazine segment by the reaction of indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalinone 3, 2-bromo-N,N-diphenylaniline 129 and n-butyl lithium 130 using THF at À78 C (Scheme 71).…”

Novel spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene]-based hole transport layers for red and green PHOLED devices with high efficiency and low efficiency roll-off

“…[12][13][14][15][16] It is quite apparent that triarylamine (TPA) and its derivatives with a nitrogen atom connected with aromatic rings are excellent building blocks because of their good electron donating properties. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In addition, HTMs are expected to have good thermal stability and morphological durability, which are conducive to OLED fabrication and operation. Introducing a bulky and rigid moiety into a molecule is a common strategy to increase thermal stability.…”

Electronic, optical, and charge transfer properties of porphyrin and metallated porphyrins in different media

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Fundamentally, used compounds in OLED structure have been classified as electron-transporting layers (ETL), [18][19][20] hole-transporting layers (HTL), [18,19] and emissive layers (EL). [29][30][31][32][33] N,N 0 -diphenyl-N,N 0 -bis (3-methyl phenyl)-(1,10-biphenyl)-4,4 0 -diamine (TPD) [34][35][36] and tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum(III) (Alq3) [37][38][39] are a typical HTL and a ETL material, respectively. EL materials are found between ETL and HTL materials and emit light from red to blue depending on the wavelength of the emission.…”

“…The calculations of both porphyrin and its metal complexes as a monomer form were performed at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level by using the Gaussian 16 and GaussView 6 package programs. [29][30][31][32][33] N,N 0 -diphenyl-N,N 0 -bis (3-methyl phenyl)-(1,10-biphenyl)-4,4 0 -diamine (TPD) [34][35][36] and tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum(III) (Alq3) [37][38][39] are a typical HTL and a ETL material, respectively. The OLED tensors of the mentioned molecules, which are emission energies, reorganization energies (λ e and λ h ), the ionization potentials and the electron affinities (adiabatic and vertical), the effective transfer integrals (V e and V h ), and the charge transfer rates (W e and W h ), were calculated to evaluate the OLED behaviors and determine the best OLED structure.…”