Diarrhoeal disease surveillance in Papua New Guinea: findings and challenges

Abdad, Mohammad Yazid; Soli, Kevin Webby; Pham, Bang Nguyen; Bande, Grace; Maure, Tobias; Jonduo, Marinjho; Kisa, Debbie; Rai, Glennis; Phuanukoonnon, Suparat; Siba, Peter; Horwood, Paul F.; Greenhill, Andrew R.

doi:10.5365/wpsar.2018.9.2.006

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Between 2013 and 2014, a study on acute diarrhea was conducted in four provinces in Papua New Guinea including Hela, Eastern Highlands, Madang, and Central Provinces ( Table 2 ). The common enteric pathogens detected were Shigella (38.1% 45/118), Campylobacter (33.1%) and rotavirus (20.3%) ( Abdad et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Global epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and the impact of COVID-19

Liu

Lee

Xue

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Campylobacteriosis is a gastroenteritis caused by pathogenic Campylobacter species and an important topic in public health. Here we review the global epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in the last eight years between 2014-2021, providing comprehensive and updated information on the reported incidence and outbreaks of Campylobacter infections. The government public health website of each of the 195 countries and publications from 2014 to September 2022 in public databases were searched. The reported incidence of campylobacteriosis in pre-COVID-19 years was compared to that during the COVID-19 pandemic in countries where data were available. Czech Republic had the highest reported incidence of campylobacteriosis worldwide (215 per 100,000 in 2019), followed by Australia (146.8 per 100,000 in 2016) and New Zealand (126.1 per 100,000 in 2019). Campylobacter was one of the most common human enteric pathogens in both developed and developing countries. About 90% of cases of campylobacteriosis were caused by Campylobacter jejuni, whereas less than 10% of cases were caused by Campylobacter coli. Other Campylobacter species were also isolated. The reported incidence and case numbers of campylobacteriosis in developed nations have remained steadily high prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, whilst some countries reported an increasing trend such as France and Japan. While outbreaks were more frequently reported in some countries, Campylobacter infections were mainly sporadic cases in most of the developed countries. Campylobacter infection was more common in summer in some but not all countries. Campylobacter infection was more common in males than females. The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the reported incidence of campylobacteriosis in most countries where 2020 epidemiology data were available. In conclusion, Campylobacter infection remains a global health concern. Increased research and improved strategies are needed for prevention and reduction of Campylobacter infection.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Global epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and the impact of COVID-19

Liu

Lee

Xue

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…37 The recent emergence of HIV/AIDS coinfections with TB in Western and EHP has raised a public health threat of MDR-TB. 17 38 The resurgence of tropical neglected infectious diseases such as typhoid, 39 leprosy, 38 recent outbreaks of childhood communicable diseases including polio and measles, 40 and the current spread of COVID-19 infection in the communities have imposed threats to the overwhelmed healthcare systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS-attributed mortalities and associated sociodemographic factors in Papua New Guinea: evidence from the comprehensive health and epidemiological surveillance system

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveTuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS are public health concerns in Papua New Guinea (PNG). This study examines TB and HIV/AIDS mortalities and associated sociodemographic factors in PNG.MethodAs part of a longitudinal study, verbal autopsy (VA) interviews were conducted using the WHO 2016 VA Instrument to collect data of 926 deaths occurred in the communities within the catchment areas of the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System from 2018 to 2020.InterVA-5 cause of deaths analytical tool was used to assign specific causes of death (COD). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify associated sociodemographic factors, estimate adjusted ORs (AOR), 95% CIs and p values.ResultTB and HIV/AIDS were the leading CODs from infectious diseases, attributed to 9% and 8% of the total deaths, respectively.Young adults (25–34 years) had the highest proportion of deaths from TB (20%) and the risk of dying from TB among this age group was five times more likely than those aged 75+ years (AOR: 5.5 (95% CI 1.4 to 21.7)). Urban populations were 46% less likely to die from this disease compared rural ones although the difference was not significant (AOR: 0.54 (95% CI 0.3 to 1.0)). People from middle household wealth quintile were three times more likely to die from TB than those in the richest quintile (AOR: 3.0 (95% CI 1.3 to 7.4)).Young adults also had the highest proportion of deaths to HIV/AIDS (18%) and were nearly seven times more likely to die from this disease compared with those aged 75+years (AOR: 6.7 (95% CI 1.7 to 25.4)). Males were 48% less likely to die from HIV/AIDS than females (AOR: 0.52 (95% CI 0.3 to 0.9)). The risk of dying from HIV/AIDS in urban population was 54% less likely than their rural counterparts (AOR: 0.46 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.9)).ConclusionTB and HIV/AIDS interventions are needed to target vulnerable populations to reduce premature mortality from these diseases in PNG.

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“…3 Since 2005, a standardised approach to VA interviews has been developed and applied to studies to collect mortality data in several countries, including PNG. [9][10][11][12] Collecting mortality surveillance data from the communities is particularly challenging due to the significant geographical, cultural and political diversity of PNG, 13 where sorcery is common and often referred to as a COD whenever sudden death has occurred. 'Old age' is also commonly referred to as a COD in communities.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating the InterVA-5 cause of death analytical tool: using mortality data from the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System in Papua New Guinea

Pham,

Abori,

Maraga

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveInterVA-5 is a new version of an analytical tool for cause of death (COD) analysis at the population level. This study validates the InterVA-5 against the medical review method, using mortality data in Papua New Guinea (PNG).Design and settingThis study used mortality data collected from January 2018 to December 2020 in eight surveillance sites of the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System (CHESS), established by the PNG Institute of Medical Research in six major provinces.MethodsThe CHESS demographic team conducted verbal autopsy (VA) interviews with close relatives of the deceased, who died in communities within the catchment areas of CHESS, using the WHO 2016 VA instrument. COD of the deceased was assigned by InterVA-5 tool, and independently certified by the medical team. Consistency, difference and agreement between the InterVA-5 model and medical review were assessed. Sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of the InterVA-5 tool were calculated with reference to the medical review method.ResultsSpecific COD of 926 deceased people was included in the validation. Agreement between the InterVA-5 tool and medical review was high (kappa test: 0.72; p<0.01). Sensitivity and PPV of the InterVA-5 were 93% and 72% for cardiovascular diseases, 84% and 86% for neoplasms, 65% and 100% for other chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and 78% and 64% for maternal deaths, respectively. For infectious diseases and external CODs, sensitivity and PPV of the InterVA-5 were 94% and 90%, respectively, while the sensitivity and PPV of the medical review method were both 54% for classifying neonatal CODs.ConclusionThe InterVA-5 tool works well in the PNG context to assign specific CODs of infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms and injuries. Further improvements with respect to chronic NCDs, maternal deaths and neonatal deaths are needed.

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Diarrhoeal disease surveillance in Papua New Guinea: findings and challenges

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Global epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and the impact of COVID-19

Global epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and the impact of COVID-19

Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS-attributed mortalities and associated sociodemographic factors in Papua New Guinea: evidence from the comprehensive health and epidemiological surveillance system

Validating the InterVA-5 cause of death analytical tool: using mortality data from the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System in Papua New Guinea

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