Diarrhea associated with &lt;i&gt;Shigella&lt;/i&gt; in children and susceptibility of the bacterium to antimicrobials: a study in Teresina, Piau&amp;iacute;, Northeast of Brazil

Nunes, Maria do Rosário Conceição Moura; Magalhães, Paula Prazeres; Penna, Francisco José; Nunes, João Maurício Moura; Mendes, Edilberto Nogueira

doi:10.2223/jped.2131

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The increase of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella strains has been reported worldwide [6,14,43]. In this work, 116 (89.2%) S. flexneri strains studied were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials tested (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…However, we found a low number of strains (1.5%) resistant to nalidixic acid (Table 2). Studies have been shown that resistance to nalidixic acid may lead to reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones [6,17,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monitoring resistant Shigella spp. strains is essential for the effectiveness of therapy when it is necessary [6,7]. In recent years, it has been observed that Shigella spp.…”

Section: Electronic Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A high number of multidrug-resistant and predominant genetically related cluster of Shigella flexneri strains isolated over 34 years in Brazil

et al. 2020

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Shigella flexneri has been a major public health problem in developing countries. This work analyzed the frequency of 16 virulence genes, the genotypic diversity, and the antimicrobial resistance profiles of 130 S. flexneri strains isolated in Brazil. The ipaH gene was found in all the 130 strains. The frequencies of the other genes were variable ial (88.5%), sigA (82.3%), iuc (74.6%), virA (73%), pic (72.3%), virF (57.7%), sat (48.5%), ipaBCD (37%), sen (36%), set1A (35.4%), sepA (30%), set1B (30%), virB (14%), icsA (10%), and ipgD (5.4%). A total of 57 (43.8%) strains were multidrug-resistant. ERIC-PCR grouped 96 of the strains into a single cluster with ≥ 70.4% of similarity, 75 of these strains presented a similarity ≥ 80.9%. PFGE grouped 120 of the strains into a single cluster with 57.4% of similarity and 82 of these strains presented a similarity ≥ 70.6%. In conclusion, the high frequency of some virulence genes reinforces the pathogenic potential of the strains studied. The high rates of MDR strains are alarming once it may lead to failure when antimicrobial treatment is necessary. Genotype techniques reveled a major cluster with high genetic similarity including S. flexneri strains from the different Brazilian states and distinct years of isolation, showing that they probably emerged from a common ancestor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A high number of multidrug-resistant and predominant genetically related cluster of Shigella flexneri strains isolated over 34 years in Brazil

et al. 2020

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“…Most of the children were affected with parasitic diarrhea, because younger children are exposed to a greater number of environmental factors, such as consuming contaminated food, playing with contaminated soil and consuming contaminated water, than older children. They are immunologically naive, and their delayed humoral immune response makes them more susceptible to infection 4,12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Risk Factors and Patterns of Different Underlying Enteropathogens in Pediatric Patients

Ullah¹,

Muhammad²,

Naz³

2023

PJMHS

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Background: According to the WHO, diarrhea is a result of inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene and is the second leading cause of death in pediatrics. Objectives: Therefore, the study was intended to discover enteropathogens linked with diarrhea in pediatrics less than 5 years, their prevalence, distribution patterns and risk factors. Methods: The study was conducted in selected hospitals of District Dera Ismail Khan from March 2021 to October 2022 and comprised 384 patients diagnosed with bacterial (through culture) and parasitic (through microscopic examination) agents. Their demographic characteristics and risk factors were recorded on the pre-designed questionnaire. Results: Out of 384, 123 patients (32.03%) were suffering from bacterial diarrhea (p<0.05) and 261 children (67.96%) were diagnosed with parasitic ailments. Among bacterial causes, Escherichia coli (49.78%) was predominant (p<0.05), followed by Salmonella (18.92%), Campylobacter (10.66%), Shigella (7.13%) and Vibrio (1.91%), while the major parasitic infestation (p<0.05) involved Giardia (21.12%), Ascaris (17.78%), hookworms (14.39%), Trichuris (12.98%) Entamoeba (12.84%) and Taenia (3.19%). Most infected children belonged to the rural population (59.11%) than the urban (40.88%). Practical implications: The current study will pave a path for the clinicians to differentially diagnose the bacterial and parasitic origin enteropathogens in pediatric patients. Conclusion: Most of the diarrheic patients were diagnosed with parasitic than bacterial etiological agents. The major risk factors of the infection were poor hygiene, sanitation, weak immunity and playing of children in the contaminated soil and ingesting contaminated food materials. Keywords: Acute diarrhea; Parasites; Poor hygiene; Stool culture

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“…Rotavirus and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are the two most common etiological agents of moderate-to-severe diarrhea in low-income countries (World Health Organization, 2017). Other pathogens such as Cryptosporidium, Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Yersinia species also cause human bacterial gastroenteritis, but location-specific etiological patterns also need to be considered (Bottone, 1999;Freitas Neto et al, 2010;Marinou et al, 2012;Nunes et al, 2012;World Health Organization, 2017;Leli et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Enteropathogens and Virulence Traits in Brazilian Children With and Without Diarrhea

Merino

Nakano

Delannoy

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The use of molecular diagnostics for pathogen detection in epidemiological studies have allowed us to get a wider view of the pathogens associated with diarrhea, but the presence of enteropathogens in asymptomatic individuals has raised several challenges in understanding the etiology of diarrhea, and the use of these platforms in clinical diagnosis as well. To characterize the presence of the most relevant bacterial enteropathogens in diarrheal episodes, we evaluated here the prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes, Salmonella spp., and Yersinia enterocolitica in stool samples of children with and without diarrhea using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). We found that the presence of genetic markers associated with bacterial pathogens was significantly higher in stool samples from the diarrhea group compared to the control ( P < 0.001). Bacterial loads in samples positive for eae and aggR markers were also determined. Compared to samples from asymptomatic children, a significantly higher number of copies of the eae gene were found in diarrhea samples. Also, the presence of genetic markers associated with STEC strains with clinical significance was evaluated in eae -positive samples by high-throughput real-time PCR. The data presented herein demonstrated that asymptomatic children of an urban area in Brazil might be enteropathogen reservoirs, especially for STEC.

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Diarrhea associated with <i>Shigella</i> in children and susceptibility of the bacterium to antimicrobials: a study in Teresina, Piauí, Northeast of Brazil

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

A high number of multidrug-resistant and predominant genetically related cluster of Shigella flexneri strains isolated over 34 years in Brazil

A high number of multidrug-resistant and predominant genetically related cluster of Shigella flexneri strains isolated over 34 years in Brazil

Prevalence, Risk Factors and Patterns of Different Underlying Enteropathogens in Pediatric Patients

Prevalence of Enteropathogens and Virulence Traits in Brazilian Children With and Without Diarrhea

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