Diapause Recruitment and Survival of Overwintering<i>Haematobia irritans</i>(Diptera: Muscidae)

Lysyk, Tim; Moon, Roger D.

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-30.6.1090

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Given that L. shannoni were captured throughout the winter and that a spike in activity occurred in March, but not during similar temperatures of early winter is suggestive of decreased recruitment into the adult stage. The observed increased captures in March may be the result of temperaturedependent immature development that lagged until degree-day accumulations allowed for concentrated emergences when warm spring days returned, as reported in several other insects (Danks 1978, Lysyk and Moon 2001, Tobin et al 2002, Simelane 2007. Lawyer and Young (1991) reported temperature-dependent immature stage development in Texas-collected L. diabolica when reared in open cages in Florida.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

The Seasonal Abundance of Phlebotomine Sand Flies, Lutzomyia Species in Florida

Mann

Kaufman

2010

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association

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The seasonality of phlebotomine sand flies was studied in Florida, utilizing colored light-emitting diode- and attractant-baited Mosquito Magnet MM-X traps from September 2006 to September 2008 at San Felasco Hammock Preserve State Park, Gainesville, FL. A total of 6,278 sand flies were collected from 314 actual nights and 1,692 total trap-nights, yielding 3.7 sand flies per trap-night. Lutzomyia shannoni was the predominant species, constituting 55% to 80% of the total sand fly populations collected during the studies. Both L. shannoni and L. vexator populations were highly seasonal and were moderately influenced by weather factors. Lutzomyia shannoni populations peaked in May and showed reduced activity during December, January, and February. This species was active throughout the year and showed positive and negative correlations with average monthly temperature and relative humidity, respectively. Lutzomyia vexator showed peak activity during August and October with an activity lull from December to March. This species showed a positive correlation with average monthly temperature. No correlations were observed with either species for average daily, weekly, or 1- to 8-wk-lagging precipitation, number of rainy days, wind speed, or lunar phases. Lutzomyia shannoni abundance was weakly correlated to L. vexator abundance. No other Lutzomyia spp. were collected during the study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

The Seasonal Abundance of Phlebotomine Sand Flies, Lutzomyia Species in Florida

Mann

Kaufman

2010

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association

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“…21,34 As latitudes increase into temperate regions where winters are colder, horn flies tend to overwinter in a dormant state that is widely accepted as being diapause.…”

Section: Cold Winter Latitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In relatively cold regions where adult horn fly populations undergo substantial winter declines, populations are replenished during the following spring from eggs laid the previous fall that develop and enter winter as pupae. 21 , 34 As latitudes increase into temperate regions where winters are colder, horn flies tend to overwinter in a dormant state that is widely accepted as being diapause. 18 , 35 , 36 Thomas 37 suggested that if horn flies diapaused, it occurred at the adult pharate stage (a stage that is post-pupal but within the pupal case, and before adults emerge and become free living).…”

Section: Cold Winter Latitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 Near the horn fly's northernmost distribution limit, in Canada, diapause has been reported to commence in August. 34 …”

Section: Cold Winter Latitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cold temperate areas like Alberta, horn fly overwinter survival ranged from 0 to 85%, and low temperatures, especially <10°C, resulted in the fewest survivors. 34 Diapause is a neurologically governed mode of dormancy 39 involving low metabolic activity, reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or diminished behavioral activity that can occur during any stage of insect development, generally triggered by changes in environmental parameters that precede unfavorable conditions. 40 – 42 Arrested development has been reported to occur in different embryonic stages, larval instars, pupae, pharate adults, and adults, but diapause usually occurs at only one stage of a given species.…”

Section: Cold Winter Latitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Horn Fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.), Overwintering

2014

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ABSTRACT:The horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.), is an ectoparasitic blood feeder mainly on cattle. Its cosmopolitan distribution extends from boreal and grassland regions in northern and southern latitudes to the tropics. Stress and blood loss from horn flies can reduce cattle weight gain and milk production. Horn flies show substantial plasticity in their response to winter. Populations in warmer, lower latitudes have been reported to overwinter in a state of dormancy, but most overwinter as active adults in normal or reduced numbers. As latitudes increase, winters are generally colder, and correspondingly, larger percentages of horn fly populations become dormant as pharate adults (a post-pupal, pre-emergent stage) or die. Reports on the effect of elevation on horn fly dormancy at high elevations were contradictory. When it occurs, dormancy takes place beneath cattle dung pats and in the underlying soil. The horn fly's mode of dormancy is commonly called diapause, but the collective research on horn fly diapause (behavioral and biochemical) is not conclusive. Understanding the horn fly's overwintering behaviors can lead to development of pre-dormancy insecticide spray strategies in colder latitudes while other strategies must be determined for warmer regions. DISCLAIMER: Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the us Department of agriculture. usDa is an equal opportunity provider and employer.COPYRIGHT: © the authors, publisher and licensee libertas academica limited. this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons cc-BY-nc 3.0 license.

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