Diapause in the gypsy moth: a model of inhibition and development

Lepidopteran species differ in susceptibility to winter warming

“…A shortening of development time after warm winters will counteract the negative impacts of winter warming by truncating the period of dormancy with concomitant energetic savings. However, some species have a chilling requirement without which development times are extended (Gray et al 2001), and these chilling requirements are species-specific and correlate negatively with habitat temperatures (e.g. Neven et al 2000, Irwin et al 2001, Forrest & Thomson 2011, Papanastasiou et al 2011).…”

Modelling natural disturbances in forest ecosystems: a review

“…Such approaches have been developed for important insect pest species, such as Ips typographus (L.) (Wermelinger and Seifert, 1998;Netherer and Pennerstorfer, 2001;Netherer and Nopp-Mayr, 2005;Baier et al, 2007: PHENIPS;Jönsson et al, 2007Jönsson et al, , 2009 and Lymantria dispar (L.) (Logan and Bentz, 1999;Gray, 2004;Powell and Logan, 2005;Pitt et al, 2007). Incorporating species-specific diapause regulation into such models was found crucial for predicting the response to driving climate variables (Gray et al, 2001;Steinbauer et al, 2004;Dolezal and Sehnal, 2007;Tobin et al, 2008). However, since detailed experimental knowledge on the phenology of many insect species is lacking, frameworks for the explorative analysis of weather impact on insect life cycle stages over space and time were proposed to facilitate phenological modelling (Jarvis, 2001).…”

Using Geographically Robust Models of Insect Phenology in Forestry

“…Gray (2004) used a combination of the same-post and the same-rate methods ( Fig. 3) to model gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (L.)) egg development after showing that developmental responses during diapause (Gray et al, 2001) and postdiapause Gray, 2009) are dependent on physiological age and temperature-this violation of independence on physiological age meant that age variability had to be specifically modeled in the population.…”

“…The larvae within newly oviposited eggs begin development in a prediapause phase that is characterized by abundant morphological development (Leonard, 1968) and developmental rates that are favored by high temperatures (Gray et al, 1991). After spending 25 days in prediapause (assuming a constant temperature regime of 20°C), the gypsy moth enters the diapause phase, which is characterized by a virtual absence of morphological development and developmental rates that are favored by low temperatures (Gray et al, 2001). During the postdiapause phase, developmental rate is again favored by high temperatures .…”

“…The gypsy moth egg phenology model of Gray includes the prediapause (Gray et al, 1991), diapause (Gray et al, 2001), and postdiapause phases of egg development. They used detailed measurements of the respiration rates of individual eggs to monitor phase transition (and therefore phase duration) under controlled temperatures.…”