Diamond nucleation and seeding techniques for tissue regeneration

Kromka, Alexander; Babchenko, Oleg; Potocký, Štěpán; Rezek, Bohuslav; Sveshnikov, A. M.; Demo, P.; Ižák, Tibor; Varga, M.

doi:10.1533/9780857093516.2.206

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Before diamond deposition, the GaN membranes were nucleated . First, we applied a standard nucleation technique of ultrasonic seeding with ultra‐dispersed detonated diamond powder (DP) in deionized (DI) water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diamond-coated three-dimensional GaN micromembranes: Effect of nucleation and deposition techniques

Ižák

Vanko

Babchenko

et al. 2015

Phys. Status Solidi B

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In this work, we present technological issues in the deposition of polycrystalline diamond films as a backside heat spreader for GaN membranes. We compared three nucleation techniques, including standard ultrasonic seeding by diamond powder (DP) in deionized water, drop-off technique with DP in solution and polymer based nucleation by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer composite containing fine grained DP. The diamond growth was performed in a hot filament or microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition system. We found that standard nucleation techniques (ultrasonic seeding or immersing in diamond powder solution) resulted in damaging or cracking of GaN membranes, or low nucleation efficiency in the Z-depth of the structures. Implementation of a novel nucleation technique with PVA polymer composite containing diamond powder led to coating of both bottom and top parts of the membrane including side walls. The coverage homogeneity was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The obtained results indicate that the efficiency (and/or nucleation density) of the polymer-based technique is comparable with standard ultrasonic seeding and could be used in preference for nucleation of soft and fragile substrates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diamond-coated three-dimensional GaN micromembranes: Effect of nucleation and deposition techniques

Ižák

Vanko

Babchenko

et al. 2015

Phys. Status Solidi B

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“…The first and foremost task was the preparation of a suitable lithographic mask (i.e., deposition and etching of PS spheres). The diamond deposition and etching steps were performed on the basis of previous research and acquired experience about diamond thin films [27][28][29][30]. A surface morphology characterization of the samples was conducted after each fabrication step using scanning electron microscopy (SEM; MAIA3 Tescan Ltd., Brno, Czech Republic).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The compactness of the nanosphere mask also highly depends on the surface roughness of the substrate. Depending on the crystal size and surface roughness, polycrystalline diamond films are divided into micro-, nano-, and ultrananocrystalline diamond [27]. Obviously, the rough surface of the diamond films makes the spin-coating process even more cumbersome.…”

Section: Hexagonal Close-packed Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanosphere Lithography for Structuring Polycrystalline Diamond Films

2020

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This paper deals with the structuring of polycrystalline diamond thin films using the technique of nanosphere lithography. The presented multistep approaches relied on a spin-coated self-assembled monolayer of polystyrene spheres, which served as a lithographic mask for the further custom nanofabrication steps. Various arrays of diamond nanostructures-close-packed and non-close-packed monolayers over substrates with various levels of surface roughness, noble metal films over nanosphere arrays, ordered arrays of holes, and unordered pores-were created using reactive ion etching, chemical vapour deposition, metallization, and/or lift-off processes. The size and shape of the lithographic mask was altered using oxygen plasma etching. The periodicity of the final structure was defined by the initial diameter of the spheres. The surface morphology of the samples was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The advantages and limitations of the fabrication technique are discussed. Finally, the potential applications (e.g., photonics, plasmonics) of the obtained nanostructures are reviewed.

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“…Generally, any growth of thin films begins on an atomic and molecular level where a certain density of atoms results in the formation of a stable cluster. The formation of a stable cluster can start either from a gas phase or a solid state phase . The initialization or early stages of cluster formation are often known as the nucleation process, which influences not only the interlayer between diamond and substrate but also the size of the formed grains and their crystallographic orientation, chemical purity (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced spontaneous nucleation of diamond nuclei in hot and cold microwave plasma systems

Ižák

Sveshnikov

Demo

et al. 2013

Phys. Status Solidi B

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In this work, the diamond nucleation is studied using two different deposition systems: (i) focused microwave plasma (labeled as "hot plasma") and (ii) pulsed-linear antenna microwave plasma ("cold plasma"). For the hot plasma, the influence of CH 4 concentration in the hydrogen rich gas mixture on the self nucleation is investigated. It is found that higher CH 4 concentration leads to increased diamond nucleation density, but also the amount of sp 2 carbon bonds increases within the deposits. In the cold plasma, we investigate the influence of CO 2 addition into CH 4 /H 2 and total process pressure. Experimental results reveal a strong dependence of CO 2 and pressure on spontaneous nucleation. The nucleation density (N d ) typical for non-treated substrates ($10 5 cm À2 ) is improved by four orders to 10 9 cm À2 in cold plasma thanks to increased CH 4 and CO 2 concentrations. The highest nucleation density in the hot plasma system is still one order lower ($4 Â 10 7 cm À2 ). Moreover, in cold plasma a bimodal distribution function of diamond clusters is observed for low ratios of CO 2 /H 2 . Observed differences in N d values are attributed to plasma properties and surface chemistry. Based on the experimental results, possible mechanisms contributing to the spontaneous nucleation process are discussed.

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Diamond nucleation and seeding techniques for tissue regeneration

Cited by 15 publications

References 98 publications

Diamond-coated three-dimensional GaN micromembranes: Effect of nucleation and deposition techniques

Diamond-coated three-dimensional GaN micromembranes: Effect of nucleation and deposition techniques

Nanosphere Lithography for Structuring Polycrystalline Diamond Films

Enhanced spontaneous nucleation of diamond nuclei in hot and cold microwave plasma systems

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