Diamond Nanostructures and Nanoparticles: Electrochemical Properties and Applications

Abstract

Macro-sized diamond films have been widely applied as the electrode for electrochemical and electroanalytical applications. Due to the non-uniform doping in diamond, boundary effects, and the varied ratios of graphite to diamond, only averaged electrochemical signals are detected over the full electrode. The studies of diamond electrochemistry at the nanoscale are thus highly required. In this chapter we overview recent progress and achievements about electrochemical properties and applications of diamond nanostructures and nanoparticles. After a brief introduction of the formation of these nanostructures and nanoparticles, electrochemical behavior of diamond nanostructures (e.g., diamond nanotexures, nanowires, networks, etc.) and nanoparticles (undoped, doped nanoparticles) in the presence/ absence of redox probes is summarized. Their electroanalytical (e.g., electrochemical, biochemical sensing, etc.) and electrochemical (e.g., energy storage using capacitors and batteries, electrocatalysis, etc.) applications are shown. Diamond nanoelectrode array is introduced and highlighted as a promising tool to investigate diamond electrochemistry at the nanoscale as well.

Hydrothermal synthesis of carbon nanodots from wine cork and biocompatible fluorescent probe

“…3 CDs have been defined as carbon nanoparticles with sizes below 10 nm [14,15]. CDs are specifically novel kinds of nanoparticles possessing intrinsically optical properties, which have been associated with high biocompatibility, excellent photostability, as well as the phenomenon of excitation-dependent photoluminescence [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Hemocompatibility of Carbon Nanostructures

“…Among carbon nanostructures, we can count 0-D systems such as nanodiamonds (NDs), fullerenes (CFs) and carbon dots (CDs), 1-D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanofibers, as well as 2-D graphene-based nanostructures (GBNs) ( Figure 1). Due to their outstanding physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties [1], CNs are extremely attractive for a wide range of applications in electronics, optoelectronics, sensing, mechanics, construction, automotive, and aerospace fields [2][3][4][5]. In the biomedical field CNs have been proposed for a number of theragnostic applications [6,7], including biosensing [8], imaging [9,10], hyperthermal cancer therapy, stem cell therapy, tissue engineering [11][12][13], drug and gene delivery.…”

Synthesis of Longer‐Wavelength‐Emissive Carbon Quantum Dots for WLEDs and Investigation of Their Photoluminescence Properties

“…As a new class of fluorescent nanomaterial's, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have attracted emergent interest in last decade and are used in diverse applications such as biomedicine, cell‐imaging, optoelectronic devices, sensors, and catalysis . Recently, fluorescent CQDs have been applied as a new class of phosphors for the development of WLEDs, because of their unique properties including tunable fluorescence emission, and high thermal with photo stability, easy preparation, low cost, environment friendliness and easy surface functionalization . Although the above properties are needed to achieve CQDs as a good phosphor, but simultaneously CQDs earned two important properties i. e. one is strong emission at longer wavelength region and other one is high quantum yield.…”

“…[9][10][11][12][13] Recently, fluorescent CQDs have been applied as a new class of phosphors for the development of WLEDs, because of their unique properties including tunable fluorescence emission, and high thermal with photo stability, easy preparation, low cost, environment friendliness and easy surface functionalization. [14][15][16][17][18] Although the above properties are needed to achieve CQDs as a good phosphor, but simultaneously CQDs earned two important properties i. e. one is strong emission at longer wavelength region and other one is high quantum yield. It is very well known that, in most cases CQDs possess at blue emission wavelength or blue-green emission wavelength [19][20][21] but red emissive fluorescence CQDs has been rarely reported.…”