“…Among carbon nanostructures, we can count 0-D systems such as nanodiamonds (NDs), fullerenes (CFs) and carbon dots (CDs), 1-D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanofibers, as well as 2-D graphene-based nanostructures (GBNs) ( Figure 1). Due to their outstanding physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties [1], CNs are extremely attractive for a wide range of applications in electronics, optoelectronics, sensing, mechanics, construction, automotive, and aerospace fields [2][3][4][5]. In the biomedical field CNs have been proposed for a number of theragnostic applications [6,7], including biosensing [8], imaging [9,10], hyperthermal cancer therapy, stem cell therapy, tissue engineering [11][12][13], drug and gene delivery.…”