Diammonium Citrate and Diammonium Phosphate as Sources of Dietary Nitrogen for Growing-Finishing Swine

Wehrbein, G. F.; Vipperman, P. E.; Peo, E. R.; Cunningham, P. J.

doi:10.2527/jas1970.312327x

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Pigs fed diets containing NPN retained more phosphorus than pigs fed a 14% cornsoybean meal diet. This observation is in contrast to that observed by Wehrbein (1969) who found a depression in phosphorus retention when NPN was added to the diet and that a further depression occurred when lysine, methionine and tryptophan were added to the NPN diets. Woerman (1970) reported a linear decrease in phosphorus retention with increased levels of supplemental methionine.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Amino Acids on Non-Protein Nitrogen Utilization by G-F Swine

Platter

Peo

Vipperman

et al. 1973

Journal of Animal Science

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a Department of Animal Science. Acknowledgement is made to Fred Krieger in caring for the experimental animals and to John Welch for assistance in laboratory analyses and to Dawes Laboratories, Inc., Chicago, for providing the vitamin mixtures used in these studies. increased gain as compared to the gain of pigs fed the unsupplemented diets. This effect was not observed in pigs fed the 15% protein diets. Gain, feed consumption and backfat thickness of pigs were not significantly affected by the addition of amino acids or NPN to either protein level. Pigs fed the 12% protein diets gained significantly (P<.01) less than pigs fed the 15% protein diets. Also, pigs fed the 12% protein diets containing amino acids plus NPN gained significantly (P<.05) less than pigs fed the 12% protein diets plus amino acids. Carcass length, carcass backfat, and percent ham and loin were not significantly affected by protein level, supplementation of amino acids or by NPN. Breaking strength of the metatarsal bones indicates that monoammonium phosphate is an acceptable source of phosphorus for G-F swine.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, Kornegay (1969) did not observe any depression in average daily gain or feed conversion in pigs fed diets containing 2 % NPN from urea. Too, the addition of lysine and methionine in combination with NPN may result in improved nitrogen retention in G-F swine (Hays et al, 1957;Wehrbein, 1969;Woerman, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Amino Acids on Non-Protein Nitrogen Utilization by G-F Swine

Platter

Peo

Vipperman

et al. 1973

Journal of Animal Science

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“…In general, infusing nitrogen or AAs directly into the large intestine (1,3) or providing supplemental NPN in swine diets (37)(38)(39)(40) has been shown to have little effect on whole-body nitrogen retention in pigs. Previous studies have demonstrated very little effect of large intestinal protein or AA infusion on fecal digestibility but a significant increase in urinary nitrogen excretion, indicating that although nitrogen is absorbed from the large intestine, it is not used by the pig for body protein synthesis.…”

Section: Large Intestinal Nitrogen Supply and Balance 617mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonprotein Nitrogen Is Absorbed from the Large Intestine and Increases Nitrogen Balance in Growing Pigs Fed a Valine-Limiting Diet

Columbus

Lapierre

Htoo

et al. 2014

The Journal of Nutrition

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Nitrogen absorption from the large intestine, largely as ammonia and possibly as amino acids (AAs), is generally thought to be of little nutritional value to nonruminant animals and humans. Ammonia-nitrogen absorbed from the large intestine, however, may be recycled into the small intestine as urea and incorporated into microbial AAs, which may then be used by the host. A cecal infusion study was performed to determine the form in which nitrogen is absorbed from the large intestine and the impact of large intestine nitrogen supply on nitrogen balance in growing pigs. Eighteen cecally cannulated barrows (initial body weight: 22.4 ± 1.2 kg) were used to determine the effect of supplying nitrogen into the large intestine from either casein or urea on whole-body nitrogen retention and urea kinetics. Treatments were cecal infusions of saline (control), casein, or urea with nitrogen infused at a rate of 40% of nitrogen intake. In a subsample of 9 pigs, (15)N(15)N-urea was infused via i.v. during the nitrogen-balance period to determine urea kinetics. All pigs were fed a valine-limiting cornstarch-soybean meal-based diet. More than 80% of infused nitrogen was apparently absorbed. Urea flux and urinary nitrogen excretion increased (P ≤ 0.05) by the same amount for both nitrogen sources, but this increase did not fully account for the increase in nitrogen absorption from the large intestine. Whole-body nitrogen retention improved with nitrogen infusions (129 vs. 114 g/d; P < 0.01) and did not differ (P > 0.05) between nitrogen sources. Absorption of nitrogen from the large intestine appears to be in the form of nonprotein nitrogen, which appears to be returned to the small intestine via urea and used there for microbial AA production and should therefore be considered when determining nitrogen and AA supply and requirements.

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“…With our experimental conditions, it seems unlikely that the de novo amino acid synthesis from ammonia could account for a large fraction of the increase in N retention of pigs infused with casein (Kornegay et al, 1970;Wehrbein et al», 1970). In addition, no parallel increase in average daily gain was observed in these pigs, although differences may have been obscured by the large variability associated with this measurement (coefficient of variation, 27%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

The digestion of complex carbohydrates in the large intestine of the growing pig: effects on nitrogen metabolism

Gargallo

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Diammonium Citrate and Diammonium Phosphate as Sources of Dietary Nitrogen for Growing-Finishing Swine

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of Amino Acids on Non-Protein Nitrogen Utilization by G-F Swine

Effect of Amino Acids on Non-Protein Nitrogen Utilization by G-F Swine

Nonprotein Nitrogen Is Absorbed from the Large Intestine and Increases Nitrogen Balance in Growing Pigs Fed a Valine-Limiting Diet

The digestion of complex carbohydrates in the large intestine of the growing pig: effects on nitrogen metabolism

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