Diameter Tuning of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Reaction Temperature Using a Co Monometallic Catalyst

Li, Nan; Wang, Xiaoming; Ren, Fang; Haller, Gary L.; Pfefferle, Lisa D.

doi:10.1021/jp903129h

Cited by 63 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…4(b)), in which only RBMs with frequencies higher than 265 cm -1 were observed. With the increasing growth temperature, as reported in many previous works [7][8][9][10][11], the diameters of the SWNTs increased. In the Raman spectra of the SWNTs grown at 800 °C , the RBM frequencies downshifted to the range 130-190 cm -1 , which is characteristic of SWNT diameters in the range 1.2-1.7 nm.…”

Section: Carbon Nanotube Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Low temperature growth of SWNTs on a nickel catalyst by thermal chemical vapor deposition

Chernov

Obraztsova

et al. 2010

Nano Res.

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Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been grown on a silica-supported monometallic nickel (Ni) catalyst at temperatures ranging from as low as 450 °C to 800 °C . Different spectroscopic techniques, such as Raman, photoluminescence emission (PLE), and ultra violet-visible-near infrared (UV-vis-NIR) absorption spectroscopy were used to evaluate the diameter and quality of the SWNTs grown over the Ni catalyst at different temperatures. The analysis revealed that high quality SWNTs with a very narrow diameter distribution were obtained at a growth temperature of 500 °C . In the PLE and absorption spectra, differences were observed between the SWNTs grown on Ni and those grown on cobalt (Co). This result expands the potential of growing a specific (n, m) tube species with relatively high abundance by tuning the catalyst composition. Furthermore, the prerequisites for the low temperature growth of SWNTs over a monometallic transition metal catalyst have been elucidated.

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Section: Carbon Nanotube Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…A drawback of most bimetallic catalysts [7,8], however, is that the presence of two metals might complicate the SWNT purification process. Thus, it is crucial to develop a monometallic catalyst system for the selective synthesis of SWNTs [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low temperature growth of SWNTs on a nickel catalyst by thermal chemical vapor deposition

Chernov

Obraztsova

et al. 2010

Nano Res.

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“…As the growth temperature increases, increasingly larger diameter SWCNTs reach their maximum abundance and then decline. It is interesting to note that some curves in Figure 3a (corresponding to 1.06, 1.09, and 1.16 nm SWCNTs) 4 288 ± 2 0.860 ± 0.005 RBM 5 270 ± 2 0.917 ± 0.005 RBM 6 235 ± 1 1.058 ± 0.005 RBM 7 227 ± 1 1.094 ± 0.005 RBM 8 214 ± 1 1.160 ± 0.008 RBM 9 192 ± 2 1.30 ± 0.01 RBM 10 170 ± 2 1.46 ± 0.01 have a double peak. This may arise from unresolved doublets in the RBM spectra.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Thermodynamic and Energetic Effects on the Diameter and Defect Density in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis

et al. 2013

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Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) ensembles are characterized by their defect density and diameter distribution. Here, SWCNTs are grown using chemical vapor deposition with acetylene as the carbon source and cobalt as the catalyst and analyzed ex situ, without any modification or processing, using Raman spectroscopy. The defect density shows an activated temperature dependence (activation energy ∼0.8 eV or ∼80 kJ/mol) with fewer defects at high growth temperatures for a wide range of experimental parameters. This is consistent with a single activated mechanism, such as the catalytic healing of defects, possibly a single simple defect. Consistent with previous reports, we see that low growth temperatures produce smaller diameter SWCNTs than high growth temperatures. Elementary thermodynamic considerations of the strain energy in the lattice constrain the SWCNT diameter distribution and its temperature dependence and appear consistent with our observations. A "phase diagram" for SWCNT growth is constructed and suggests methods of controlling the diameter distribution. There is a trade-off here between small diameter SWCNTs and SWCNTs with low defect densities.

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“…In recent years, considerable e®orts on the preferential growth of type-speci¯c or even chiralities of SWNTs by metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been made through the control of the growth condition, 6-8 the catalytic particle size, 9 shape, 10 composition, 11 etc. However, controlled growth and deep understanding of the preferential growth of s-or m-SWNTs even speci¯c chirality are still not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Well-Defined POSS Nanoclusters Structure

Liu

Cai

et al. 2015

NANO

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High-quality single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with narrow diameter distribution can be generated from well-de¯ned Si 8 O 12 nanoclusters structure which form from thermal decomposition of chemically modi¯ed polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS). The nanosized Si x O y particles were proved to be responsible for the SWNT growth and believed to be the reason for the narrow diameter distribution of the as-grown SWNTs. This could be extended to other POSS. The SWNTs grown from the nanosized Si x O y particles were found to be semiconducting enriched SWNTs (s-SWNTs). A facile patterning technology, direct photolithography, was developed for generating SWNT pattern, which is compatible to industrial-level fabrication of SWNTs pattern for device applications. The metal-free growth together with preferential growth of s-SWNTs and patterning in large scale from the structure-de¯ned silicon oxide nanoclusters not only represent a big step toward the control growth of SWNTs and fabrication of devices for applications particularly in nanoelectronics and biomedicine but also provide a system for further studying and understanding the growth mechanism of SWNTs from nanosized materials and the relationship between the structure of SWNT and nonmetal catalysts.

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Diameter Tuning of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Reaction Temperature Using a Co Monometallic Catalyst

Cited by 63 publications

References 42 publications

Low temperature growth of SWNTs on a nickel catalyst by thermal chemical vapor deposition

Low temperature growth of SWNTs on a nickel catalyst by thermal chemical vapor deposition

Thermodynamic and Energetic Effects on the Diameter and Defect Density in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis

Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Well-Defined POSS Nanoclusters Structure

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