Diameter of Normal Extraocular Recti Muscles With Echography

Byrne, Sandra Frazier; Gendron, É.; Glaser, Joel S.; Feuer, William J.; Atta, H R

doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(14)77279-4

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…(12) showed that EOM in patients with TAO and active inflammation presented different reflectivity, deducing that US reflectivity is a reliable method to determine TAO disease activity. Several explanations can be given for the poor correlation between US and MRI in EOM thickness measurement: external eye muscles are oval-shaped and US examinations are not made at a perfect perpendicular angle (14); low US accuracy could be due to the presence of some artifacts or fibrosis often found in TAO EOM, which makes muscle delimitation very difficult (10,14,24), and the fact that MRI seems to be more accurate to visualize the back portion of the orbit (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical activity score (CAS) is not enough to help diagnosis for this reason different imaging techniques that enable visualization of the orbit contents and evaluation of extraocular muscles (EOM) have been tested (9)(10)(11). US enables differential diagnosis in proptosis and seems to reveal the existing inflammation (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Computed tomography scan (CT) shows muscle thickness, diagnoses compressive optical neuropathy and defines the degree of proptosis but does not detect activity (1,10,18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonography compared to magnetic resonance imaging in thyroid-associated Graves' ophthalmopathy

Vlainich

Romaldini

Pedro

et al. 2011

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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Objective: To compare ultrasonography (US) to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the clinical activity score (CAS) in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Subjects and methods: Nineteen patients underwent extraocular muscle thickness measurements by US and MRI, reflectivity by US and signal-intensity ratio by MRI. There were also twelve US control subjects. Results: US median thicknesses were greater than in controls. Correlation was found between US and MRI in the median thickness of the left eye rectus medial muscle as well as between signal-intensity ratio (SIR) and thickness by US. An inverse correlation was found between reflectivity and SIR in the inferior and lateral rectus. On associating the tests for detecting activity the best results were obtained with CAS plus MRI (sensitivity 75%), and US and MRI (positive predictive value 77% and specificity 80%). Conclusion: CAS and US results showed poor correlation with MRI results suggesting that they cannot replace each other but when combined these methods can improve the evaluation of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2011;55(3):184-8 Keywords Graves' disease; thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy; orbital ultrasonography; magnetic resonance imaging RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a ultrassonografia (US) à ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) e o índice de atividade clínica (IAC) na oftalmopatia de Graves. Sujeitos e métodos: Dezenove pacientes submetidos à medida da espessura dos músculos extraoculares por US e RMN, refletividade ao US e razão da intensidade de sinal (RIS) à RMN. Grupo controle para US de 12 indivíduos. Resultados: Espessura mediana ao US foi maior que dos controles. Houve correlação entre US e RMN na espessura mediana dos músculos retos mediais dos olhos esquerdos e entre a RIS e a espessura ao US e correlação inversa entre refletividade e SIR nos retos inferior e lateral. Detectando atividade, os melhores resultados foram associando IAC e RMN (sensitividade de 75%) e US e RMN (valor preditivo positivo de 77% e especificidade de 80%). Conclusão: Resultados do IAC e US mostraram pouca correlação com a RMN, sugerindo que não podem ser substituídos, mas, quando combinados, esses métodos podem melhorar a avaliação da oftalmopatia associada à tiroide. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2011;55(3):184-8 Descritores Doença de Graves; oftalmopatia associada à tiroide; ultrassonografia orbitária; ressonância magnética nuclear

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonography compared to magnetic resonance imaging in thyroid-associated Graves' ophthalmopathy

Vlainich

Romaldini

Pedro

et al. 2011

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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“…In the hands of an experienced orbital ultrasonographer, the test is relatively reliable, accessible, and inexpensive. Byrne et al (70) have completed a careful assessment of extraocular muscle dimensions as measured by A-and B-mode echography using modern instrumentation. Healthy extraocular muscles ranged in diameter from 2X6^0X5 mm for the inferior rectus to 5X3^0X7 mm for the levator complex.…”

Section: Ultrasound (Us)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging in thyroid-associated orbitopathy

Kahaly¹

2001

European Journal of Endocrinology

107

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“…The value of maximal muscle width is dependent on the angle of incidence of the ultrasound beam which is not always perfectly perpendicular to the muscle surface due to variations in orbital anatomy. Furthermore, extraocular muscles are oval shaped and not round 16,28 . In TAO, US evaluation of extraocular muscles can be even more difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advantages and disadvantages of different radiological modalities in TAO have been discussed in several published reviews 12,13 . Ultrasound (US) is a non-invasive, well-established, and widely used imaging modality that enables differential diagnosis of proptosis, evaluation and measurement of extraocular muscles, assessment of the optic nerve, and detection of the existing inflammation [14][15][16][17][18][19] . Its disadvantage is low interobserver reproducibility 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound measurements of eye muscle thickness in thyroid-associated orbitopathy

Karhanová¹,

Kovář²,

Fryšák³

et al. 2015

BIOMED PAP

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Aims.To compare ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of horizontal eye muscle thickness in patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) and to compare these measurements according to the phase of the disease, the severity of exophthalmos, and the experience of the investigator. Methods. A total of 180 orbits of adult patients with TAO were investigated from May 2007 to December 2012. In addition to their general ophthalmic examination, all patients underwent ultrasonographic measurement of horizontal eye muscle thickness with the B-scan technique and MRI examination of the orbit. Correlations between values obtained by US and MRI were determined for different subgroups according to disease activity (active, inactive), exophthalmos values (Hertel < 18 mm; Hertel 18-22 mm; Hertel > 22 mm), and the time period of examination (2007-2009; 2010-2012). Results. Positive moderate correlation between US and MRI values for the medial rectus muscle (MRM; r = 0.690) and for the lateral rectus muscle (LRM; r = 0.572) was found. Significantly higher correlation was found for the MRM (P < 0.0001) and the LRM (P = 0.0008) in the time period 2010-2012 than in that of [2007][2008][2009]. Increasing correlation was found for MRM with increasing values of exophthalmos but this increase was not statistically significant. In the active phase of the disease compared to the inactive phase, statistically significant increased correlation (P = 0.019) was found for the LRM. Conclusions. Ultrasonographic measurement of horizontal eye muscles thickness in TAO moderately correlates with values obtained using MRI. The accuracy of ultrasonographic measurements in particular increases with the experience of the investigator.

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Diameter of Normal Extraocular Recti Muscles With Echography

Cited by 42 publications

References 12 publications

Ultrasonography compared to magnetic resonance imaging in thyroid-associated Graves' ophthalmopathy

Ultrasonography compared to magnetic resonance imaging in thyroid-associated Graves' ophthalmopathy

Imaging in thyroid-associated orbitopathy

Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound measurements of eye muscle thickness in thyroid-associated orbitopathy

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