Diameter distributions and structural sustainability in forests

Rubin, Benjamin D.; Manion, Paul D.; Faber-Langendoen, Don

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.049

Cited by 129 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This phase is characterized by significant vertical layering, and, according to some authors, can be stable for decades or even hundreds of years (see Rubin et al, 2006;Westphal et al, 2006;Král et al, 2010b). Dying individuals in the canopy layer gradually release the lower tree layer, which is indicated in radial growth as a (weak) release (see Šamonil et al, 2013a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbances can control fine-scale pedodiversity in old-growth forests: is the soil evolution theory disturbed as well?

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Biota–soil interactions in natural ecosystems are the subject of considerable research. Our hypothesis is that individual trees play a significant role through biomechanical and biochemical disturbances affecting soil formation in temperate forests, resulting in a complex spatial pattern of disturbance regimes and a close relationship between disturbance histories and soil units. In Žofínský Prales (Czech Republic) – the fourth oldest, continuously protected reserve in Europe and the first site of global research network SIGEO (Smithsonian Institution Global Earth Observatories) in continental Europe – we compared extensive dendrochronological, soil and pit–mound microtopography data both temporally and spatially from an area of anthropogenically unaffected 42 ha collected from 2008–2012. These data sets differ in terms of information complexity and length of memory: tree cores contain complex information about the disturbance history of the past 350 years, footprints of disturbances from the uprooting of a specific tree can persist 1700 years, and soils represent an extensive composite phenotype that has been developing for at least the entire postglacial period (10 500 years). On average, 6.18–13.41% of the canopy on individual soil units was disturbed per decade. Even though the "backbone" of key events in the development of the forest ecosystem remained the same (e.g. the 1870s, 1880s and 1980s), the internal structure of disturbance history often differed among soil units; the most exceptional were Gleysols and Histosols, where important feedback from soil to trees was expected. However, the characteristics of treethrow dynamics as well as the frequencies of stronger releases in core series also significantly differed along a gradient of terrestrial soil weathering and leaching (Haplic Cambisols – Dystric Cambisols – Entic Podzols – Albic Podzols). These results suggest the existence of several disturbance regimes within the forest, controlling fine-scale pedodiversity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbances can control fine-scale pedodiversity in old-growth forests: is the soil evolution theory disturbed as well?

et al. 2014

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“…According to Wardle [7], forest decline is a cyclical phenomenon with the decline phase being followed by a decrease in mean basal area within a forest. Basal area is used as a measure of biomass and also as an indicator of the condition of a forest [3,[8][9][10]. Skelly [11] describes "forest decline" as a much talked about concept, but holds the term to be a misnomer because entire forests may not actually be in decline; its supporting observations may instead be artifacts of increased attention to disease and forest health beginning in the 1980s.…”

Section: Forest Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among other uses, basal area is used to determine the sustainability or ability of the forest to replace older trees as they die or are harvested [9]. Usually measured 1.37 m above the ground surface (or the distance from the ground to the middle of a surveyor's chest), basal area is the cross-sectional area of the tree stem.…”

Section: In Situ Forest Sampling and Basal Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciduous Forest Structure Estimated with LIDAR-Optimized Spectral Remote Sensing

Chávez

Tullis

2013

Remote Sensing

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Coverage and frequency of remotely sensed forest structural information would benefit from single orbital platforms designed to collect sufficient data. We evaluated forest structural information content using single-date Hyperion hyperspectral imagery collected over full-canopy oak-hickory forests in the Ozark National Forest, Arkansas, USA. Hyperion spectral derivatives were used to develop machine learning regression tree rule sets for predicting forest neighborhood percentile heights generated from near-coincident Leica Geosystems ALS50 small footprint light detection and ranging (LIDAR). The most successful spectral predictors of LIDAR-derived forest structure were also tested with basal area measured in situ. Based on the machine learning regression trees developed, Hyperion spectral derivatives were utilized to predict LIDAR forest neighborhood percentile heights with accuracies between 2.1 and 3.7 m RMSE. Understory predictions consistently resulted in the highest accuracy of 2.1 m RMSE. In contrast, hyperspectral prediction of basal area measured in situ was only found to be 6.5 m 2 /ha RMSE when the average basal area across the study area was ~12 m 2 /ha. The results suggest, at a spatial resolution of 30 × 30 m, that orbital hyperspectral imagery alone can provide useful structural information related to vegetation height. Rapidly calibrated biophysical remote sensing techniques will facilitate timely assessment of regional forest conditions.

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“…Muitas populações autoregenerativas apresentam distribuições com maior proporção de indivíduos nas menores de classes de tamanho, onde predominam plântulas, infantes e juvenis (Rubin et al 2006). Distribuições de tamanhos com muitos indivíduos pequenos e uma longa cauda com relativamente raros indivíduos adultos, são características de espécies tolerantes ao sombreamento (Wright et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…As distribuições em classes de tamanho foram comparadas com a curva do J-invertido (exponencial negativa), algumas vezes característica de populações auto-regenerativas (Rubin et al 2006), através do teste de aderência de Kolmogorov-Smirnov de uma amostra (Sokal & Rohlf 1995).…”

Section: Tratamento Estatísticounclassified

Regeneração e estrutura populacional de jatobá-da-mata (Hymenaea courbaril L.), em dois fragmentos com diferentes graus de perturbação antrópica

et al. 2011

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Regeneração e estrutura populacional de jatobá-da-mata (Hymenaea courbaril L.), em dois fragmentos com diferentes graus de perturbação antrópica RESUMO(Regeneração e estrutura populacional de jatobá-da-mata (Hymenaea courbaril L.), em dois fragmentos com diferentes graus de perturbação antrópica). O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a estrutura populacional e os efeitos da intensidade luminosa no recrutamento de jatobá-da-mata (Hymenaea courbaril L.) em dois fragmentos de Mata de Galeria não-inundável, com diferentes graus de perturbação antrópica. Foi assumida a hipótese de que as populações diferem nas classes de tamanho (diâmetro e altura) e abundância dos indivíduos entre os fragmentos e o recrutamento responde às diferenças de luminosidade disponível no sub-bosque. Como espécie clímax dependente de luz amplamente distribuída e adaptada a ambientes heterogêneos, espera-se uma maior abundância e regeneração de jatobá-da-mata no fragmento com maior incidência luminosa. Em cada fragmento foram utilizadas 25 parcelas permanentes, alocadas de forma aleatória ao longo de transectos entre a borda da mata e o leito córrego posicionados perpendicularmente à margem do córrego. As plântulas foram amostradas no interior de cada parcela, a partir de quatro sub-parcelas de 2x2 m ao longo de uma linha central no comprimento da parcela. No sub-bosque, em cada sub-parcela, a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa foi determinada e os valores de transmitância (T%) foram obtidos a partir das medidas a pleno sol fora da mata. Nos dois fragmentos o maior número de indivíduos se concentrou nas menores classes de tamanho, mas não foi obtido um bom ajuste à distribuição exponencial negativa (J invertido ABSTRACT(Regeneration of Hymenaea courbaril L. in two forest fragments with diff erent degrees of human impact). Th e objective of this research was to study the population structure of Hymenaea courbaril in two fragments of non-fl ooded gallery forests with diff erent degrees of human impact. Th e research hypothesis was that populations present diff erent size classes and number of individuals between fragments and that recruitment is related to understory light. As a climax species that requires light, and a species that is adapted to a variety of environments, there would probably be a higher abundance and regeneration of H. courbaril in a fragment that has more light. Twenty-fi ve plots (10 x 20 m) were set in two fragments using transects between the forest edge and the stream bank. Th e seedlings were recorded within each plot by means of four subplots (2 x 2 m) in a central line along the plots. Within the understory the photosynthetic active radiation was determined and the transmittance values (T%) were calculated by measuring the sunlight in an open fi eld. In both fragments, more individuals were concentrated in the smaller size classes. However the population sizes in both fragments were not adjusted to the negative exponential distribution (reversed J curve). A linear regression analysis indicated that both the diameter and ...

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Diameter distributions and structural sustainability in forests

Cited by 129 publications

References 46 publications

Disturbances can control fine-scale pedodiversity in old-growth forests: is the soil evolution theory disturbed as well?

Disturbances can control fine-scale pedodiversity in old-growth forests: is the soil evolution theory disturbed as well?

Deciduous Forest Structure Estimated with LIDAR-Optimized Spectral Remote Sensing

Regeneração e estrutura populacional de jatobá-da-mata (Hymenaea courbaril L.), em dois fragmentos com diferentes graus de perturbação antrópica

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