DIALLEL‐SAS05: A Comprehensive Program for Griffing's and Gardner–Eberhart Analyses

Abstract

F 1 crosses; variation among populations is partitioned into populations and midparent heterosis (Gardner and Diallel mating designs provide to breeders useful genetic information, Eberhart, 1966;Hallauer and Miranda, 1988; Murray et such as general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA), to help them devise appropriate breeding and selection strategies. al., 2003). Heterosis is further partitioned into average, Here we report a much-improved version of DIALLEL-SAS that was variety, and specific heterosis, but additive and domioriginally released in 1997. The new program, DIALLEL-SAS05, has a nance parameters cannot be determined in Analysis II clear and user-friendly interface that was designed to meet users' because they are confounded with the source of varianeeds for various diallel-cross design experiments. DIALLEL-SAS05 tion labeled "variety" (Murray et al., 2003). The GEAN has major advantages over DIALLEL-SAS in that: (i) it analyzes III provides estimates of variety and GCA effects from not only all four Griffing's diallel methods (both fixed and random an analysis that contains the following sources of variamodels), but it also computes Gardner-Eberhart's Analyses II and tion: parents, parents vs. F 1 crosses, and F 1 crosses; GCA III; (ii) it provides desired results from diallel experiments with parent effects are estimated in a manner similar to Griffing's number from 4 to 12, (iii) it can analyze diallel data from any number Method 4, Model 1 (Murray et al., 2003). Both GEAN of environments, and (iv) for a random-effects model, it provides estimates of GCA ( 2 g ) and SCA ( 2 s ) variances, which can be used II and GEAN III provide estimates of average heterosis to estimate additive ( 2 A ) and dominance ( 2 D ) variances, and ulti-and SCA (Gardner and Eberhart, 1966; Murray et al., mately narrow-sense heritability (h 2 ). DIALLEL-SAS05 also provides 2003). Many researchers have fruitfully used GEAN for information on GCA ϫ ENV, SCA ϫ ENV, reciprocal ϫ ENV, studying heterosis and estimating GCA and SCA in maternal ϫ ENV, and nonmaternal ϫ ENV interactions, when applivariety diallels (Crossa et al., 1987; Ali et al., 2001; Lee cable. DIALLEL-SAS05 should greatly improve researchers' effiet al., 2003). ciency in analyzing and interpreting diallel-cross data. The program Murray et al. (2003) pointed out that formulas for code is available on a CD from the corresponding author. the effects for GEAN II and GEAN III were nonintuitive both biologically and genetically and incorporated the number of parents as multipliers. They further 2002; Hakizimana et al., 2004), durum wheat (Triticum

Diallel cross analysis for maturity and yield-related traits in melon (Cucumis melo L.)

“…The analysis of variance for GCA and SCA and reciprocal effects was carried out according to Griffing's (1956) method 1, model 1 with SAS (Zhang and Kang 2005). Estimates of r 2 g (general combining ability), r 2 s (specific combining ability) , r 2 r (reciprocal effects) and their variances were computed for the random-effects model to estimate r 2 A , r 2 D and h 2 (Zhang and Kang 2005).…”

“…Estimates of r 2 g (general combining ability), r 2 s (specific combining ability) , r 2 r (reciprocal effects) and their variances were computed for the random-effects model to estimate r 2 A , r 2 D and h 2 (Zhang and Kang 2005). Broad-sense heritability was calculated as additive variance ?…”

Combining Ability, Maternal Effects, and Heritability of Drought Tolerance, Yield and Yield Components in Sweetpotato

“…Analysis of variance was performed using the DIALLEL-SAS05 program (Zhang et al, 2005) to identify the significant level of general combining ability (GCA) of parents and specific combining ability (SCA) of crosses. The diallel analysis was performed using Griffing's (1956) Method 1 Model 2, with the genetic statistical model of:…”

An accurate prediction of maize crosses using diallel analysis and best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP)

“…The diallel analyses were performed with the Diallel-05 package of the SAS program (Zhang et al, 2005), which takes into account the Griffing (1956) diallel model II (random effect), method 2, and analyzes the crosses and parents without reciprocal crosses. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were estimated.…”