A complete diallel cross study of six local populations of Iranian melon (Eyvanaki, Abasali, Tashkandi, Hose-sorkh, Mashhadi and Nahavand) and one foreign cultivar (Ananasi) was carried out. We investigated maturity, average weight per fruit, yield and acceptable yield in the pruning conditions over a period of two planting seasons. The analysis of variance for all of the characteristics indicated highly significant differences among genotypes. Additive gene effects were most important with respect to average weight per fruit and yield, while genetic dominance effects mainly controlled fruit maturity and acceptable yield. The reciprocal effects were significant for yield, acceptable yield and fruit maturity. Nahavand and Tashkandi had significant positive general combining ability effects for yield and acceptable yield. Favourable heterosis over the better parent was found for average weight per fruit, yield and acceptable yield. Thus, there is the potential to generate superior cultivars in segregant generation and hybrid production.