“…Among all these IP rights, patents are considered to be the most tangible form enjoying the strongest legal protection and generating the most significant effect on a firm's commercial performance (Rivette & Kline, 2000;Lerner, 1994). Various studies have analyzed the patent management and related patenting issues and behaviors of firms considering geographical locations (Cohen et al, 2000;Duguet & Kabla, 1998;Granstrand, 1999;Granstrand & Holgersson, 2012;Zaripova et al, 2015;Khuziakhmetov & Gabdrakhmanova, 2016;Khuziakhmetov & Nasibullov, 2016;Kirillova et al, 2017;Galiullin et al, 2017), firm size (Audretsch, 2002;Blind et al, 2009;Blind et al, 2006;Greenhalgh et al, 2001), industry sectors (Cohen et al, 2000;Arora, 1997;Hall & Ziedonis, 2001;Levin et al, 1987;Thumm, 2001), and the positive effects of patent strategy on firm performance (Lerner, 1994;Lerner & Tirole, 2002;…”