Diagnostics of underwater electrical wire explosion through a time- and space-resolved hard x-ray source

Sheftman, D.; Shafer, D.; Efimov, S.; Gruzinsky, K.; Gleizer, S.; Krasik, Ya. E.

doi:10.1063/1.4759492

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…First, one can see that within a space resolution of 50 lm, there is no MHD and thermal instabilities like distortion of the axial symmetry and the formation of striations, 16 which are typical for wire explosions in vacuum or in gas. This agrees qualitatively with the data obtained in earlier research 27 and can be explained by smaller increments of these instabilities as compared with the case of the wire explosion in gas or vacuum. The latter is related to a significantly smaller radial expansion velocity of the exploding wire ($10 5 cm/s in water compared to $10 7 cm/s in gas or vacuum), and consequently to larger density of the wire which determines increments in MHD (m ¼ 0) and thermal instabilities as / q À0:5 and / q À1 , respectively.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Recently, a source of X-rays based on a vacuum diode supplied by a nanosecond high-voltage (HV) pulse generated by a compact spiral generator was used to determine the density distribution during UEWE. 27 However, because the energy of the photons was not high enough (maximum energy of X-rays was in the 50 keV range), the obtained data images allowed only to determine the radius of the exploding wire. Another approach considered radiography based on high-energy monoenergetic beams of protons with GeV-scale energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radial density distribution of a warm dense plasma formed by underwater electrical explosion of a copper wire

et al. 2017

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Time-and space-resolved evolution of the density (down to 0.07 of solid state density) of a copper wire during its microsecond timescale electrical explosion in water was obtained by X-ray backlighting. In the present research, a flash X-ray source of 20 ns pulse-width and >60 keV photon energy was used. The conductivity of copper was evaluated for a temperature of 10 kK and found to be in good agreement with the data obtained in earlier experiments [DeSilva and Katsouros, Phys. Rev. E 57, 5945 (1998) and Sheftman and Krasik, Phys. Plasmas 18, 092704 (2011)] where only electrical and optical diagnostics were applied. Magneto-hydrodynamic simulation shows a good agreement between the simulated and experimental waveforms of the current and voltage and measured the radial expansion of the exploding wire. Also, the radial density distribution obtained by an inverse Abel transform analysis agrees with the results of these simulations. Thus, the validity of the equations of state for copper and the conductivity model used in the simulations was confirmed for the parameters of the exploding wire realized in the present research.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial density distribution of a warm dense plasma formed by underwater electrical explosion of a copper wire

et al. 2017

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“…Recently, the X-ray flux generated in a compact vacuum diode by the application of a High-Voltage (HV) ns-timescale pulse was successfully applied to obtain X-ray images of UEWE on the microsecond timescale. 34,35 The radial density distributions with a space resolution of $50 lm of an exploding Cu wire obtained by the inverse Abel transform of X-ray images were in good agreement with the results of MHD simulations, validating the SESAME EOS 11 for copper and the Bakulin, Kuropatenko, and Luchinskii (BKL) conductivity model 12 used in these simulations.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Density evolution of a copper wire during nanosecond timescale underwater explosions

et al. 2018

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We present high-contrast X-ray images ($30 lm space and $10 ns time resolution) of ns-timescale underwater electrical explosions of copper wires to the low density limit of $1 g/cm 3 , using a rodring electron diode as a source of X-rays. The radial density distribution, obtained by inverse Abel transform analysis of the X-ray images, is reproduced by one dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations using the SESAME equations of state and a modified Bakulin, Kuropatenko, and Luchinskii conductivity model for copper. These modifications are introduced by matching the experimental and simulated current and voltage waveforms and the radial wire expansion. For our ns-timescale copper wire underwater electrical explosions, the X-ray images display no MHD and thermal instabilities.

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“…scitation.org/journal/rsi at x-ray radiography of underwater exploding wires employed a relatively large-scale vacuum x-ray diode source, which produced relatively noisy and low-resolution images that could not resolve the shock waves or the exploding wire internal structure. 10 Proton radiography has also been attempted to image underwater wire explosions; however, these experiments suffered from a significant shot-to-shot variation in the beam and poor spatial resolution. 11 In contrast to these cases, synchrotron sources can provide multiple high intensity pulses of near-parallel x-ray flux that are closely spaced in time, allowing imagery of multiple frames per experiment to be taken to fully track the time evolution of a system.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of synchrotron-based radiography to diagnose pulsed power driven wire explosion experiments

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Yanuka

et al. 2019

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We describe the first use of synchrotron radiation to probe pulsed power driven high energy density physics experiments. Multiframe x-ray radiography with interframe spacing of 704 ns and temporal resolution of <100 ps was used to diagnose the electrical explosion of different wire configurations in water including single copper and tungsten wires, parallel copper wire pairs, and copper x-pinches. Such experiments are of great interest to a variety of areas including equation of state studies and high pressure materials research, but the optical diagnostics that are usually employed in these experiments are unable to probe the areas behind the shock wave generated in the water, as well as the internal structure of the exploding material. The x-ray radiography presented here, performed at beamline ID19 at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), was able to image both sides of the shock to a resolution of up to 8 µm, and phase contrast imaging allowed fine details of the wire structure during the current driven explosion and the shock waves to be clearly observed. These results demonstrate the feasibility of pulsed power operated in conjunction with synchrotron facilities, as well as an effective technique in the study of shock waves and wire explosion dynamics.

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Diagnostics of underwater electrical wire explosion through a time- and space-resolved hard x-ray source

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Radial density distribution of a warm dense plasma formed by underwater electrical explosion of a copper wire

Radial density distribution of a warm dense plasma formed by underwater electrical explosion of a copper wire

Density evolution of a copper wire during nanosecond timescale underwater explosions

Use of synchrotron-based radiography to diagnose pulsed power driven wire explosion experiments

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