Diagnostics of Concrete and Steel in Elements of an Historic Reinforced Concrete Structure

Tworzewski, Paweł; Raczkiewicz, Wioletta; Czapik, Przemysław; Tworzewska, Justyna

doi:10.3390/ma14020306

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…The non-destructive electrochemical galvanostatic pulse method is described in detail among others in [ 36 , 39 , 45 , 46 ]. The basis of this method is the fact that the corrosion process of reinforcement in concrete is an electrochemical process in which a steel reinforcing bar is an electrode and the alkaline liquid filling the pores of the concrete is an electrolyte.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Type of Cement and the Addition of an Air-Entraining Agent on the Effectiveness of Concrete Cover in the Protection of Reinforcement against Corrosion

2021

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The concrete cover is the basic protection of the reinforcement against the influence of external factors that may lead to its corrosion. Its effectiveness depends mainly on the composition of the concrete mix, including the cement used. Depending on external environmental factors that may aggressively affect the structure, various types of cements and concrete admixtures are recommended. The paper presents the results of tests that allow us to assess the effect of the type of cement used and the air-entraining agent on the effectiveness of the concrete cover as a layer protecting the reinforcement against corrosion. In order to initiate the corrosion process, the reinforced concrete specimens were subjected to cycles of freezing and thawing in a sodium chloride solution. The degree of advancement of the corrosion process was investigated using the electrochemical galvanostatic pulse technique. Additionally, the microstructure of specimens taken from the cover was observed under a scanning electron microscope. The research has shown that in the situation of simultaneous action of chloride ions and freezing cycles, in order to effectively protect the reinforcement against corrosion, the application of both blast-furnace slag cement and an air-entraining agent performed the best.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Type of Cement and the Addition of an Air-Entraining Agent on the Effectiveness of Concrete Cover in the Protection of Reinforcement against Corrosion

2021

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“…For old buildings, it is necessary to use diagnostic methods that have a small destructive effect on buildings. The authors of paper [3], during the inspection of the water tower in Zabrze (Silesia Voivodeship, Poland) erected in 1909, established the presence of concrete carbonization as a result of sulfate corrosion. The issue of biogenic corrosion of the structure remained unexplored in the work.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the characteristics of concrete in a historical building under the influence of climatic and biological factors

Shkromada,

Fotina,

Ivchenko

et al. 2024

EEJET

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The object of this study was concrete samples of the cathedral and wall frescoes. The study solved the problem related to the destruction of concrete and wall frescoes under the long-term influence of biochemical and climatic factors. Samples of concrete for research and wall murals were obtained from a historic listed building. Using microbiological studies and scanning electron microscopy, damage to wall murals and concrete by microscopic fungi was established: Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium brevicompactum, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sphaerospermum. The study of concrete samples by the TPD-MS method showed the presence of an increased level of moisture and carbon compounds by 20 % in the test samples, compared to control. The sulfur content in all concrete samples was not significant. Determination of the mineral composition of concrete by X-ray diffraction showed the presence of Al2O3, 36–44 %, which indicates a significant clay content. The presence of NiTi, 53 %, and СoMg7O8, 46 %, in the concrete sample indicates the probable migration of the chemical elements of the paint pigments used to decorate the cathedral. The concrete control sample contained a significant amount of SiO2, up to 51 %, which is the main component of sand. A feature of the work is the determination of the corrosion effect on concrete under prolonged exposure to climatic and biological factors. The present study is distinguished by the use of non-destructive methods: microbiological studies, scanning electron microscopy, TPD-MS and X-ray diffraction to determine the destruction of concrete and wall frescoes of the building, which is a cultural heritage. The results of the study could be applied to the development and planning of restoration works for the restoration of buildings that have historical value

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“…Existing buildings, especially historical buildings, require periodic or situational diagnostic tests [ 47 ]. If a building is in use, advanced non-destructive or semi-destructive methods should be used.…”

Section: Description Of the Articles Presented In The Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comprehensive application of several test methods allowed mutual verification of the results and the drawing of reliable conclusions. The results indicated a very poor state of reinforcement, loss in the depth of cover, and sulfate corrosion [ 47 ].…”

Section: Description Of the Articles Presented In The Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Testing of Materials and Elements in Civil Engineering

Schabowicz

2021

Materials

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This issue is proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this issue should relate to different aspects of testing of different materials in civil engineering, from building materials and elements to building structures. The current trend in the development of materials testing in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in elements and structures using destructive, semi-destructive, and nondestructive testing. The trend, as in medicine, is toward designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Very interesting results with significance for building practices of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering were obtained.

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Diagnostics of Concrete and Steel in Elements of an Historic Reinforced Concrete Structure

Cited by 8 publications

References 65 publications

Influence of the Type of Cement and the Addition of an Air-Entraining Agent on the Effectiveness of Concrete Cover in the Protection of Reinforcement against Corrosion

Influence of the Type of Cement and the Addition of an Air-Entraining Agent on the Effectiveness of Concrete Cover in the Protection of Reinforcement against Corrosion

Determining the characteristics of concrete in a historical building under the influence of climatic and biological factors

Testing of Materials and Elements in Civil Engineering

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