Diagnostic Workup of Equine Atopic Disease

Rosenkrantz, Wayne; White, Stephen D.

doi:10.1002/9781118738818.ch53

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In a workshop discussion, 263 in 40 horses with pruritus, urticaria or both, an excellent response to ASIT (e.g. complete remission and no other medications needed) was reported in 20% and a good response in 50% after a minimum of four to six months of therapy.…”

Section: Allergen Specific Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine allergic skin diseases: Clinical consensus guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology

Marsella

White

Fadok

et al. 2023

Veterinary Dermatology

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BackgroundAllergic skin diseases are common in horses worldwide. The most common causes are insect bites and environmental allergens.ObjectivesTo review the current literature and provide consensus on pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.Materials and MethodsThe authors reviewed the literature up to November 2022. Results were presented at North America Veterinary Dermatology Forum (2021) and European Veterinary Dermatology Congress (2021). The report was available to member organisations of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology for feedback.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceInsect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is the best characterised allergic skin disease. An immunoglobulin (Ig)E response against Culicoides salivary antigens is widely documented. Genetics and environmental factors play important roles. Tests with high sensitivity and specificity are lacking, and diagnosis of IBH is based on clinical signs, seasonality and response to insect control. Eosinophils, interleukin (IL)‐5 and IL‐31 are explored as therapeutic targets. Presently, the most effective treatment is insect avoidance. Existing evidence does not support allergen‐specific immunotherapy (ASIT) using commercially available extracts of Culicoides. Hypersensitivity to environmental allergens (atopic dermatitis) is the next most common allergy. A role for IgE is supported by serological investigation, skin test studies and positive response to ASIT. Prospective, controlled, randomised studies are limited, and treatment relies largely on glucocorticoids, antihistamines and ASIT based on retrospective studies. Foods are known triggers for urticaria, yet their role in pruritic dermatitis is unknown. Recurrent urticaria is common in horses, yet our understanding is limited and focussed on IgE and T‐helper 2 cell response. Prospective, controlled studies on treatments for urticaria are lacking. Glucocorticoids and antihistamines are primary reported treatments.

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Section: Allergen Specific Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine allergic skin diseases: Clinical consensus guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology

Marsella

White

Fadok

et al. 2023

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…However, both IDT and serum IgE frequently give false‐positive reactions in clinically healthy horses and do not correlate well with symptoms . Thus, a definitive diagnosis of food allergy in horses can only be confirmed by elimination trial …”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing immediate‐type food allergy in humans and companion animals—revealing unmet needs

Pali‐Schöll

Lucia²,

Jackson³

et al. 2017

Allergy

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Adverse food reactions occur in human as well as veterinary patients. Systematic comparison may lead to improved recommendations for prevention and treatment in both. In this position paper, we summarize the current knowledge on immediate-type food allergy vs other food adverse reactions in companion animals, and compare this to the human situation. While the prevalence of food allergy in humans has been well studied for some allergens, this remains to be investigated for animal patients, where owner-reported as well as veterinarian-diagnosed food adverse reactions are on the increase. The characteristics of the disease in humans vs dogs, cats, and horses are most often caused by similar, but sometimes species-dependent different pathophysiological mechanisms, prompting the specific clinical symptoms, diagnoses, and treatments. Furthermore, little is known about the allergen molecules causative for type I food allergy in animals, which, like in human patients, could represent predictive biomarkers for risk evaluation. The definite diagnosis of food allergy relies-as in humans-on elimination diet and provocation tests. Besides allergen avoidance in daily practice, novel treatment options and tolerization strategies are underway. Taken together, numerous knowledge gaps were identified in veterinary food allergy, which need to be filled by systematic comparative studies.

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“…The development of effective ASIT is influenced by the accuracy of the associated testing method. Several variables have been shown to contribute to discordant intradermal test (IDT) results in dogs and horses, including the use of inappropriate allergen concentrations, variability in allergen extracts obtained from different companies, contaminants, and differences in testing and interpretation between veterinarians . The development of standardized allergen concentrations for IDT will help to maximize the consistency (and hopefully accuracy) of the results and could, potentially, improve treatment outcomes in horses treated with ASIT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of irritant threshold concentrations of multiple tree, grass, weed and mould allergens for intradermal testing of horses residing in the southern USA

Lane

Pucheu‐Haston

Kearney

et al. 2017

Veterinary Dermatology

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Diagnostic Workup of Equine Atopic Disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Equine allergic skin diseases: Clinical consensus guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology

Equine allergic skin diseases: Clinical consensus guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology

Comparing immediate‐type food allergy in humans and companion animals—revealing unmet needs

Determination of irritant threshold concentrations of multiple tree, grass, weed and mould allergens for intradermal testing of horses residing in the southern USA

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