Comparing immediate‐type food allergy in humans and companion animals—revealing unmet needs

Pali‐Schöll, Isabella; Lucia, Michela De; Jackson, Hilary A.; Janda, Jozef; Mueller, Ralf S.; Jensen‐Jarolim, Erika

doi:10.1111/all.13179

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 169 publications

(311 reference statements)

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“…Little is known about possible allergen sources for horses and especially about the responsible allergen molecules, including food allergy, except in summer eczema, where IgE to Culicoides allergens play an important role . While intradermal tests with crude Culicoides whole body often results in positive intradermal test reaction in clinically healthy horses, the use of recombinant Culicoides allergens allows a much more specific diagnosis of summer eczema, in clinically healthy, but sensitized horses …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allergies also affect domestic animals, such as dogs, cats and horses . The same allergen sources as in human allergy may be relevant for animals, such as pollen or food allergens . The importance of comparing human and animal allergic diseases and causative allergens has recently been acknowledged by the establishment of an interest group for Comparative and Veterinary Allergology in the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular allergen profiling in horses by microarray reveals Fag e 2 from buckwheat as a frequent sensitizer

Einhorn

Hofstetter

Brandt

et al. 2018

Allergy

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BackgroundCompanion animals are also affected by IgE‐mediated allergies, but the eliciting molecules are largely unknown. We aimed at refining an allergen microarray to explore sensitization in horses and compare it to the human IgE reactivity profiles.MethodsCustom‐designed allergen microarray was produced on the basis of the ImmunoCAP ISAC technology containing 131 allergens. Sera from 51 horses derived from Europe or Japan were tested for specific IgE reactivity. The included horse patients were diagnosed for eczema due to insect bite hypersensitivity, chronic coughing, recurrent airway obstruction and urticaria or were clinically asymptomatic.ResultsHorses showed individual IgE‐binding patterns irrespective of their health status, indicating sensitization. In contrast to European and Japanese human sensitization patterns, frequently recognized allergens were Aln g 1 from alder and Cyn d 1 from Bermuda grass, likely due to specific respiratory exposure around paddocks and near the ground. The most prevalent allergen for 72.5% of the tested horses (37/51) was the 2S‐albumin Fag e 2 from buckwheat, which recently gained importance not only in human but also in horse diet.ConclusionIn line with the One Health concept, covering human health, animal health and environmental health, allergen microarrays provide novel information on the allergen sensitization patterns of the companion animals around us, which may form a basis for allergen‐specific preventive and therapeutic concepts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular allergen profiling in horses by microarray reveals Fag e 2 from buckwheat as a frequent sensitizer

Einhorn

Hofstetter

Brandt

et al. 2018

Allergy

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“…Research on the role of CD25+ FoxP3+ T cells is ongoing [ 20 ]. In human medicine the hygiene hypothesis ascribes the increasing allergy risk to a modern environment and life style with less pathogen exposure [ 141 , 142 ]. This might apply to animals in the same way as the prevalence of AD seems to be lower in dogs living in rural areas [ 143 ].…”

Section: Unmet Needs and Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atopic dermatitis in cats and dogs: a difficult disease for animals and owners

Gedon

Mueller

2018

Clin Transl Allergy

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The purpose of this review article is to give an overview of atopic dermatitis in companion animals and of recent developments including knowledge on immunological background, novel treatment options and difficulties in disease management. The prevalence of hypersensitivities seems to be increasing. The pathogenetic mechanisms are not fully understood, yet multiple gene abnormalities and altered immunological processes are involved. In dogs and cats, the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is based on history, clinical examination and exclusion of other differential diagnoses. Intradermal testing or testing for serum allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E is only used to identify allergens for inclusion in the extract for allergen immunotherapy. Symptomatic therapy includes glucocorticoids, ciclosporin, essential fatty acids and antihistamines. A selective janus kinase 1 inhibitor and a caninized monoclonal interleukin-31 antibody are the newest options for symptomatic treatment, although longterm effects still need to be assessed. The chronic and often severe nature of the disease, the costly diagnostic workup, frequent clinical flares and lifelong treatment are challenging for owners, pets and veterinarians. Patience and excellent communication skills are needed to achieve a good owner compliance and satisfactory clinical outcome for the animal.

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“…The elimination diet is currently the most important and reliable diagnostic test for evaluating and diagnosing AFRs in dogs and cats [ 26 ]. The test comprises two phases: 1) the accurate selection by veterinarians of a specific limited-antigen diet (commercial or homemade, based on a novel or hydrolyzed protein), avoiding ingredients previously fed; 2) the meticulously administration of this selected diet by the pet’s owner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-contamination in canine and feline dietetic limited-antigen wet diets

et al. 2018

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BackgroundAdverse food reactions (AFRs) are defined as abnormal responses to an ingested food or food additive. Diagnosis and treatment of AFRs consist of the complete elimination of these ingredients in the dietary trial. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of undeclared ingredients in commercial limited-antigen dry food diets that can compromise the results and efficacy of dietary elimination trails. The aim of this study was to assess a selection of commercial canine and feline dietetic limited-antigen wet foods for the potential cross-contamination of animal proteins from origins not mentioned on the label.ResultsEleven canine and feline dietetic limited-antigen wet foods (9 novel animal protein foods, 1 vegetarian and 1 hydrolyzed) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence DNA of animal and vegetal origins. PCR analysis confirmed the contamination of 6 of the 11 (54.5%) limited-antigen wet diets with undeclared animal protein. One of these 6 diets was solely composed of animal protein sources completely unrelated to those declared on the label. None of the foods containing horse meat or fish were contaminated, and neither were the vegetarian or the hydrolyzed food products. Moreover, the results show that had zoological class primers only been used to check for cross-class contaminations, as are generally used in the pet food industry for in-house checks, the apparent contamination rate would have been significantly underestimated: less than 20% (3/11), instead of the actual rate of 54.7% using species-specific primers.ConclusionThis study reveals a high rate of cross-contamination in dietetic limited-antigen wet canine and feline foods, as previously described for dietetic dry limited-antigen foods (reported to be more than 80%). These results add new fuel to the discussion about the potential causes underlying the failure of elimination diets, since animal protein contaminants may actually be present in the commercial dietetic limited-antigen diets. AFRs may therefore occur as a result of inadequate practices in the pet food industry.

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Comparing immediate‐type food allergy in humans and companion animals—revealing unmet needs

Cited by 29 publications

References 169 publications

Molecular allergen profiling in horses by microarray reveals Fag e 2 from buckwheat as a frequent sensitizer

Molecular allergen profiling in horses by microarray reveals Fag e 2 from buckwheat as a frequent sensitizer

Atopic dermatitis in cats and dogs: a difficult disease for animals and owners

Cross-contamination in canine and feline dietetic limited-antigen wet diets

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