Clinical importance of the thyroid nodules arises from their malign potential. There are guidelines from several different organizations to determine follow-up options and, if necessary, surgical treatment options for thyroid nodules. Among them, the guidelines created by ATA and AACE/ACE/AME are accepted in many centers of the world. This paper aims to present the current status of ultrasound and fine needle aspiration biopsy in thyroid nodules in the context of the literature according to the updated versions of these guidelines.