Diagnostic value of faecal calprotectin in paediatric gastroenterology clinical practice

Canani, Roberto Berni; Rapacciuolo, L.; Romano, Maria Teresa; Horatio, Laura Tanturri de; Terrin, Gianluca; Manguso, Francesco; Cirillo, Paolo; Paparo, Francesco; Troncone, Riccardo

doi:10.1016/j.dld.2004.02.009

Cited by 127 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In this regard, it is remarkable that faecal S100A12 was not elevated in viral gastroenteritis as was faecal calprotectin. Elevated levels of faecal calprotectin have also been reported in one previous study including bacterial enteritis and rotavirus infections 53. In contrast, faecal S100A12 was not elevated in viral gastroenteritis, which was also reported for lactoferrin, indicating that these markers are more specific for neutrophils than calprotectin and that neutrophil activation is less involved in viral gastroenteritis than in bacterial infections 54…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Faecal S100A12 as a non-invasive marker distinguishing inflammatory bowel disease from irritable bowel syndrome

Kaiser

Langhorst

Wittkowski³

et al. 2007

Gut

187

149

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Objective: S100A12 is a pro-inflammatory protein that is secreted by granulocytes. S100A12 serum levels increase during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We performed the first study analysing faecal S100A12 in adults with signs of intestinal inflammation. Methods: Faecal S100A12 was determined by ELISA in faecal specimens of 171 consecutive patients and 24 healthy controls. Patients either suffered from infectious gastroenteritis confirmed by stool analysis (65 bacterial, 23 viral) or underwent endoscopic and histological investigation (32 with Crohn's disease, 27 with ulcerative colitis, and 24 with irritable bowel syndrome; IBS). Intestinal S100A12 expression was analysed in biopsies obtained from all patients. Faecal calprotectin was used as an additional non-invasive surrogate marker. Results: Faecal S100A12 was significantly higher in patients with active IBD (2.45 ¡ 1.15 mg/kg) compared with healthy controls (0.006 ¡ 0.03 mg/kg; p,0.001) or patients with IBS (0.05 ¡ 0.11 mg/ kg; p,0.001). Faecal S100A12 distinguished active IBD from healthy controls with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 100%. We also found excellent sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 96% for distinguishing IBD from IBS. Faecal S100A12 was also elevated in bacterial enteritis but not in viral gastroenteritis. Faecal S100A12 correlated better with intestinal inflammation than faecal calprotectin or other biomarkers. Conclusions: Faecal S100A12 is a novel non-invasive marker distinguishing IBD from IBS or healthy individuals with a high sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, S100A12 reflects inflammatory activity of chronic IBD. As a marker for neutrophil activation, faecal S100A12 may significantly improve our arsenal of non-invasive biomarkers of intestinal inflammation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Faecal S100A12 as a non-invasive marker distinguishing inflammatory bowel disease from irritable bowel syndrome

Kaiser

Langhorst

Wittkowski³

et al. 2007

Gut

187

149

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Faecal calprotectin levels mainly reflect migration of neutrophils into the gut mucosa, and is a non-specific marker of intestinal inflammation elevated in children with gastroenteritis 45. Faecal calprotectin is markedly higher during infancy than in later childhood 46.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron fortification adversely affects the gut microbiome, increases pathogen abundance and induces intestinal inflammation in Kenyan infants

Jaeggi

Kortman

Moretti

et al. 2014

Gut

510

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“…IBD remains a histological diagnosis requiring intestinal biopsies, so a positive calprotectin or lactoferrin will require further tests not only to confirm or refute a diagnosis of IBD, but also to exclude other causes of raised biomarkers including malignancy, polyps, viral or bacterial gastroenteritis, NSAID enteropathy, untreated coeliac disease or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease 27. Therefore the use of faecal biomarkers should be restricted to situations where the result along with clinical judgement informs a decision about treatment, allows avoidance of invasive tests, or where invasive tests have not provided a satisfactory conclusion—for example, a normal colonoscopy but clinical suspicion of small bowel inflammation.…”

Section: What Cautions and Limitations Are There Of Using Faecal Biommentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of faecal calprotectin and lactoferrin in inflammatory bowel disease

Lamb

Mansfield

2010

Frontline Gastroenterol

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Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic relapsing gastrointestinal conditions characterised by an influx of inflammatory cells to the affected gut mucosa. The mainstay of diagnosing and re-evaluating these conditions in clinical practice and research is by invasive serological, radiological, endoscopic and histological assessment. In clinical trials, disease activity is often evaluated using a combination of the above tests plus clinical indices such as the Crohn's Disease Activity Index and Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index. These tools rely on subjective assessment of symptoms and so, often, do not correlate with mucosal inflammation or mucosal healing, which may be the preferred therapeutic end point for long-term inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management. The faecal biomarkers calprotectin and lactoferrin are neutrophil derived proteins that are stable in faeces and can be detected by quantitative ELISA in small stool samples. Concentrations of both are raised in patients with gastrointestinal mucosal inflammation. They provide a unique, inexpensive, non-invasive method of testing for active inflammatory disease. They can be used to screen for IBD and as a surrogate marker of mucosal healing they are useful in monitoring the response to therapeutic intervention or surgery. They may also predict the clinical course of the disease. This clinical review aims to discuss the current evidence, limitations and potential future uses of these biomarkers in IBD.

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Diagnostic value of faecal calprotectin in paediatric gastroenterology clinical practice

Cited by 127 publications

References 16 publications

Faecal S100A12 as a non-invasive marker distinguishing inflammatory bowel disease from irritable bowel syndrome

Faecal S100A12 as a non-invasive marker distinguishing inflammatory bowel disease from irritable bowel syndrome

Iron fortification adversely affects the gut microbiome, increases pathogen abundance and induces intestinal inflammation in Kenyan infants

Measurement of faecal calprotectin and lactoferrin in inflammatory bowel disease

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