Diagnostic Ultrasound of Polypoid Cystitis in Dogs

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Polypoid cystitis is a rare disease of the urinary bladder in dogs characterized by chronic inflammation, epithelial proliferation, and development of a polypoid mass or masses without histopathologic evidence of neoplasia. The ultrasonographic appearances of eight dogs with polypoid cystitis are described. Ultrasonography confirmed the presence of a bladder mass or masses in all patients. Ultrasonographic findings are mucosal projections and a polypoid to pedunculated mass of variable size and shape. Although a polypoid mass tends to be located in the cranioventral bladder mucosa, the polyps also could arise in the craniodorsal bladder mucosa. Ultrasonographic images are well correlated with contrast radiographic studies and gross morphological appearance. Ultrasound is a non-invasive, very useful diagnostic tool for detecting bladder polyps, but histopathology is required for definitive diagnosis.

Smooth Muscle Neoplasia of the Urinary Bladder Wall in Three Dogs

“…Although polypoid cystitis is characterized by wall thickening and is accompanied by multiple small nodules that project into the bladder lumen, large polyps with a pedunculated base of attachment have been described. 31,32 The appearance of polyps differs from our cases in that they are described as having a narrow base of attachment to the bladder wall. The atypical sonographic appearance of the bladder masses presented in this report alerted us to the possibility that they might represent an unusual type of neoplasia.…”

“…Another possible differential diagnosis is polypoid cystitis. Although polypoid cystitis is characterized by wall thickening and is accompanied by multiple small nodules that project into the bladder lumen, large polyps with a pedunculated base of attachment have been described 31,32 . The appearance of polyps differs from our cases in that they are described as having a narrow base of attachment to the bladder wall.…”

Pólipos em vesícula urinária de um cão - relato de caso

“…Outros sintomas que podem ser observados são polaquiúria, estrangúria, dor abdominal, poliúria e polidipsia, noctúria, secreção vaginal, eliminação urinária inapropriada e lambedura excessiva da vulva (MARTINEZ et al, 2003;TAKIGUSHI;INABA, 2005). Na urinálise realizada neste caso, identificou-se grave infecção de trato urinário inferior, conforme também notado em urinálises realizadas nos cães estudados por Martinez et al (2003), que verificaram piúria em oito dos 16 pacientes avaliados, hematúria em 13 dos 16 e bacteriúria em 10 dos 16 pacientes.…”

“…O exame histopatológico é essencial para diferenciar de neoplasias como o tumor de células transicionais, que pode inclusive ocorrer simultaneamente aos pólipos e possui prognóstico e tratamento distintos da cistite polipóide (MARTINEZ et al, 2003;TAKIGUSHI;INABA, 2005).…”

Immunohistochemical expression of p63, Ki67 and β‐catenin in canine transitional cell carcinoma and polypoid cystitis of the urinary bladder

“…3 However, when relying exclusively on imaging, it is difficult to distinguish TCC from other benign lesions including polypoid cystitis and benign bladder tumours. 5 Definitive diagnosis of TCC has been based on cytological and pathological examination using cell and tissue samples obtained by catheter aspiration or biopsy via the urethra. 6 Although these approaches are, at present, useful for diagnosis, it is difficult to predict clinical behaviour based solely on pathology.…”