Diagnostic Superficial Vein Scanner

Ayoub, Yahia; Serhal, Sameer; Farhat, Baraa; Ali, Ali; Amatoury, Jason; Nasser, Hassan; Ali, Mohamad Abou

doi:10.1109/comapp.2018.8460229

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A basic prototype vein finder is composed of a high power NIR-LED as the light source, a compact infrared-sensitive camera, sensor that will capture and format the image and a filter to remove unwanted impurities [29,30,31,32,33,34] (see Figure 2). Other prototypes were incorporated with additional parts by the researchers for enhancement purposes, like the use of a Digital Light Processing (DLP) projector that allows vein image on the surface of the skin [35].…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the study by Ayoub Y et al, in 2018 [33], contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) was utilized for the purpose of enhancing the image contrast. It provides a clearer vein image for visualization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Veins are blood vessels that aim to return the blood to the heart. It has a higher percentage of deoxygenated blood (deoxyhemoglobin) as compared to arteries that have higher level of oxygenated blood (oxyhemoglobin) [33]. Hemoglobin (Hb) is the primary component of the blood, specifically; of the red blood cells that have the oxygen carrying capacity [67].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vein Pattern Locating Technology for Cannulation: A Review of the Low-Cost Vein Finder Prototypes Utilizing near Infrared (NIR) Light to Improve Peripheral Subcutaneous Vein Selection for Phlebotomy

Pan

Francisco

Yen

et al. 2019

Sensors

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One of the most common means for diagnosis is through medical laboratory testing, which primarily uses venous blood as a sample. This requires an invasive method by cannulation that needs proper vein selection. The use of a vein finder would help the phlebotomist to easily locate the vein, preventing possible pre-analytical error in the specimen collection and even more discomfort and pain to the patient. This paper is a review of the scientific publications on the different developed low-cost vein finder prototypes utilizing camera assisted near infrared (NIR) light technology. Methods: Electronic databases were searched online, these included PubMed (PMC), MEDLINE, Science Direct, ResearchGate, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Xplore digital library. Specifically, publications with the terms vein finder prototype, NIR technology, vein detection, and infrared imaging were screened. In addition, reference lists were used to further review related publications. Results: Cannulation challenges medical practitioners because of the different factors that can be reduced by the utilization of a vein finder. A limited number of publications regarding the assessment of personnel performing cannulation were observed. Moreover, variations in methodology, number of patients, type of patients according to their demographics and materials used in the assessment of the developed prototypes were noted. Some studies were limited with regard to the actual human testing of the prototype. Conclusions: The development of a low-cost effective near infrared (NIR) vein finder remains in the phase of improvement. Since, it is being challenged by different human factors, increasing the number of parameters and participants/human for actual testing of the prototypes must also be taken into consideration for possible commercialization. Finally, it was noted that publications regarding the assessment of the performance of phlebotomists using vein finders were limited.

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Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vein Pattern Locating Technology for Cannulation: A Review of the Low-Cost Vein Finder Prototypes Utilizing near Infrared (NIR) Light to Improve Peripheral Subcutaneous Vein Selection for Phlebotomy

Pan

Francisco

Yen

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…It has been concluded that there is a significant increase in the diameter of the veins when the temperature of the skin surface above the veins is raised using a vein warmer thereby increasing the probability of obtaining a clear vein pattern. In addition, it has been stated that enhancement of the patient's surroundings enables the use of vein finders as a diagnostic tool that can aid in acquisition of better quality images [5].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Infrared Based Real-Time Peripheral Superficies Venous Imaging Solution for Difficult Venous Access

Gopalakrishnan*¹

2019

IJRTE

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The proposed solution, the vein viewer provides a reliable solution for patients having Difficult Venous Access (DVA). DVA is a medical condition wherein the superficial veins are not easily palpable because of skin tone, obesity or age. The lack of visualization of veins results in wrong site of venepuncture and this can lead to many potential risks. The proposed model is based on the Near- Infrared (NIR) Technology to view the vein pattern which is not visible when seen by normal human eye. The infrared radiations illuminate the subject's hand and the image is captured using CMOS sensor with no IR cut lens. The captured image is preprocessed and image processing algorithms are performed to enhance the vein pattern. The processed image is then displayed real- time on a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The components are cased to form a single unit so that it can be handheld or mounted so that the practioner's hands are free for easily placing the needle. The cost of the product is greatly reduced so as to make this technology widely acceptable.

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“…A vein finder device is primarily composed of a high power NIR-LED, which is the light source, an infrared-sensitive camera, a sensor to capture and format the acquired image real time [ 21 ], and a filter for purification by blocking unwanted wavelengths [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. To mention, in previous studies, a low-cost LED as light source with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) imaging sensors was utilized for spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) as an example of Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), a technology for acquiring confocal images [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive Real-Time Near Infrared (NIR) Vein Finder Imaging Device to Improve Peripheral Subcutaneous Vein Selection in Venipuncture for Clinical Laboratory Testing

et al. 2021

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In this study, near-infrared (NIR) technology was utilized to develop a low-cost real-time near infrared (NIR) guiding device for cannulation. A portable device that can be used by medical practitioners and also by students for their skills development training in performing cannulation. Methods. First, is the development of a reflectance type optical vein finder using three (3) light emitting diode (LED) lights with 960 nm wavelength, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-infrared (CMOS-IR) sensor camera with 1920 × 1080 UXGA (1080P), IR filter set for the given wavelength, and an open-source image processing software. Second, is the actual in-vitro human testing in two sites: the arm and dorsal hand of 242 subjects. The following parameters were included, such as gender, age, mass index (BMI), and skin tone. In order to maximize the assessment process towards the device, the researchers included the arm circumference. This augmented subcutaneous vein imaging study using the develop vein finder device compared the difference in the captured vein images through visual and digital imaging approaches. The human testing was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Trinity University of Asia–Institutional Ethics Review Committee (TUA-IERC). Results. The NIR imaging system of the developed vein finder in this study showed its capability as an efficient guiding device through real-time vein pattern recognition, for both sites. Improved captured vein images were observed, having 100% visibility of vein patterns on the dorsal hand site. Fourteen (5.79%) out of 242 subjects reported non-visible peripheral subcutaneous veins in the arm sites. Conclusions. The developed vein finder device with the NIR technology and reflected light principle with low-energy consumption was efficient for real-time peripheral subcutaneous vein imaging without the application of a tourniquet. This might be utilized as a guiding device in locating the vein for the purpose of cannulation, at a very low cost as compared to the commercially available vein finders. Moreover, it may be used as an instructional device for student training in performing cannulation.

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Diagnostic Superficial Vein Scanner

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Vein Pattern Locating Technology for Cannulation: A Review of the Low-Cost Vein Finder Prototypes Utilizing near Infrared (NIR) Light to Improve Peripheral Subcutaneous Vein Selection for Phlebotomy

Vein Pattern Locating Technology for Cannulation: A Review of the Low-Cost Vein Finder Prototypes Utilizing near Infrared (NIR) Light to Improve Peripheral Subcutaneous Vein Selection for Phlebotomy

Near-Infrared Based Real-Time Peripheral Superficies Venous Imaging Solution for Difficult Venous Access

Competitive Real-Time Near Infrared (NIR) Vein Finder Imaging Device to Improve Peripheral Subcutaneous Vein Selection in Venipuncture for Clinical Laboratory Testing

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