Diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of PIVKAII, GP3, CSTB, SCCA1 and HGF for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis

Abstract

Introduction Despite some new treatment possibilities, the improvement in survival rate for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is still poor due to late diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKAII), Glypican-3 (GP3), Cystatin B (CSTB), squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 (SCCA1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as potential tumour markers for HCC in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) using imaging techniques (MSCT and MRI) as reference standards. Patients and methods Eighty-three participants were included: 20 healthy volunteers, 31 patients with ALC and 32 patients with HCC. Peripheral blood sampling was performed for each participant, and serum concentrations of PIVKAII, GP3, CSTB, SCCA1 and HGF were determined using commercial ELISA kits. Results Only serum concentrations of PIVKAII were significantly higher in HCC patients as compared with ALC and healthy controls (cut-off: 2.06 µg/L; AUC: 0.903), whereas individual diagnostic performance of other individual compounds was inadequate. The 'best' combination of tumour markers in our study includes all tested markers with AUC of 0.967. Conclusion While novel diagnostic tumour markers are urgently needed, the examined potential tumour markers, with the exception of PIVKAII seem to be inadequate for diagnosing HCC in ALC. Furthermore, probably the future is in finding the best optimal combination of tumour markers for diagnosing HCC based on cost-effectiveness.

Clinical value of LHPP‐associated microRNAs combined with protein induced by vitamin K deficiency or antagonist‐II in the diagnosis of alpha‐fetoprotein‐negative hepatocellular carcinoma

“…This study found that serum levels of miR‐363‐5p and miR‐765 in patients with AFP‐NHCC were significantly higher than those in cirrhosis and controls and were related to differentiation, tumor size, and TNM stage, confirming that they are oncogenes in HCC. In recent years, PIVKA‐II is considered to be a novel serological marker for HCC . Our results indicated that PIVKA‐II was significantly higher in AFP‐NHCC patients and were useful for distinguishing AFP‐NHCC from cirrhosis and controls, and the sensitivity was 65.4%, the specificity was 84.6%, which was consistent with previous research results .…”

“…In recent years, PIVKA‐II is considered to be a novel serological marker for HCC . Our results indicated that PIVKA‐II was significantly higher in AFP‐NHCC patients and were useful for distinguishing AFP‐NHCC from cirrhosis and controls, and the sensitivity was 65.4%, the specificity was 84.6%, which was consistent with previous research results . In our research, miR‐363‐5p was the most effective indicator (AUC = 0.901) for the diagnosis of AFP‐NHCC than miR‐765 (AUC = 0.838) and PIVKA‐II (AUC = 0.749), but its sensitivity (78.5%) was unsatisfactory.…”

Investigation of the clinical significance and prospective molecular mechanisms of cystatin genes in patients with hepatitis B virus‑related hepatocellular carcinoma

“…The diagnostic value of CST genes has been reported in previous studies. Having higher expression in HCC compared with in adjacent healthy tissues, the diagnostic value of CSTB for HCC was reported in previous research, and the present investigation provided validation for this (14,16,46). In addition to HCC, the diagnostic value of CSTB has been reported in other tumor types.…”

“…The fact that the molecular mechanism of CST6 serves different roles in various types of cancer still requires further exploration. Although no significant association was detected between CSTB and the prognosis of patients with HCC, differences have been reported in the expression of CSTB between tumor tissues and adjacent healthy tissues (16,46,56). In addition, the prognostic value of CSTB has been demonstrated in several other tumors.…”

Early Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Machine Learning Method

“…Serum anti-SF3B1 autoantibody is a potential diagnostic marker for HCC patients (Hwang et al, 2018). Reportedly, HSPH1 (Yang et al, 2015), APC2 (Ghosh et al, 2016), CHST4 (Gao et al, 2015), HGF (Unic et al, 2018), MTHFD2 (Liu et al, 2016), and AGO3 (Kitagawa et al, 2013) are closely related to HCC.…”