Diagnostic Enzymology of Domestic Animals

Hoffmann, Walter; Solter, Philip F.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-370491-7.00012-x

Cited by 105 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 197 publications

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“…The serum activity of the aminotransferases, AST and ALT, are measured to detect hepatocellular injury. ALT is an important liverspecific enzyme in small animals but offers no specificity for detection of liver injury in large animals (20). Liver ALT activity is very low in cattle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of serum enzyme activities and protein fractions in Brucella-infected cows

Elazab¹

2015

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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Materials and methods Animals and sample collectionA total of 1100 mature female dairy cows (Holstein-Friesian breed, none vaccinated against brucellosis, 3-5 years age) from private farms (Elbehira Governorate, Egypt) were used. All animal-related procedures were carried out in accordance with the Animal Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of serum enzyme activities and protein fractions in Brucella-infected cows

Elazab¹

2015

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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“…Serum biochemical analysis showed low total cholesterol (81 mg/dl) and increased lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH: 1,700 IU/l). LDH isozyme analysis showed slightly elevated activities for LDH-2 (583 IU/l) and LDH-3 (264 IU/l) compared to normal [5]. A serum thymidine kinase (TK) activity assay performed using a commercial radioenzyme TK-assay kit with a 125 I-iododeoxyuridine tracer (Kishimoto Clinical Laboratory, Inc., Obihiro, Japan) showed increased serum TK activity of 6.8 IU/l.…”

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confidence: 99%

Calf Form Bovine Leukosis with Lameness in a Holstein Heifer

Tawfeeq

Miura

Nakanishi

et al. 2012

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A 12-month-old Holstein heifer with anorexia, lameness, and enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes was suspected of having bovine leukosis. Although lymphocytosis was not observed, cytology of fine needle aspirate from a superficial cervical node, and increased serum lactate dehydrogenase and thymidine kinase activities, strongly suggested lymphosarcoma. Increased numbers of mononuclear cells as well as mitotic cells were observed in synovial fluid collected from swollen joints. Pathological examination confirmed B-cell calf form bovine leukosis and joint swelling related to neoplastic cell infiltration. Both interleukin-2 receptor and thymidine kinase 1 genes were highly expressed in cells from superficial cervical lymph node aspirate. KEY WORDS: calf form bovine leukosis, gene expression, joint infiltration.doi: 10.1292/jvms.12-0090; J. Vet. Med. Sci. 74(9): 1225-1228, 2012 Bovine leukosis is one of the most common neoplasms detected in dairy cattle and is generally divided into 2 types: enzootic bovine leukosis caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and sporadic bovine leukosis, which has not known cause and does not appear to have any association with BLV [1]. The sporadic form of bovine leukosis can be further subdivided into calf, juvenile/thymic, and cutaneous forms [3,15]. Thymic and calf forms of leukosis can affect calves and heifers from birth up to 18 months of age [15]. Younger cattle are generally affected by the B-cell calf form [15,17]. The most obvious clinical sign of the calf form is diffuse lymphadenopathy that results in obvious and palpable enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes [3]. Tumor cells often infiltrate many organs, including the thymus, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lung, bone marrow, mammary gland, salivary gland, gall bladder, adrenal gland, and pancreas [11]. Ataxia is another common clinical sign of the calf form, because tumor cells often invade the central nervous system [11,14]. However, tumor cell infiltration into the musculoskeletal system, such as muscles and joints, is not common in the calf form. In this report, we describe a clinical case of calf form bovine leukosis with lameness and joint swelling related to neoplastic cell infiltration in a Holstein heifer. Additionally, we evaluated enzymatic activity and gene expression related to leukosis as biomarker candidates for the onset of bovine leukosis.A 12-month-old Holstein heifer presented with anorexia and lameness. At initial examination, the heifer had a body temperature of 38.8°C and heart rate of 108 beats/min (bpm). Diffuse lymphadenopathy was noted. Despite treatment with antibiotics and dexamethasone, the general condition of the heifer did not improve. The heifer was taken to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine on day 9. Upon admission, emaciation, depression, lameness, abdominal posture − standing under, and swollen carpal and tarsal joints were noted (Fig. 1). Rectal temperature was 39.9°C, heart rate was 120 bpm, and respiratory rate was 56 b...

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“…GGT increased serum activity in cholestasis may occur by an increase in enzyme production and solubility of GGT adhered to the cell membrane (Hoffmann & Solter 2008). Serum GGT activity remains high throughout the course of the disease, whereas other enzymes are constantly changing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seneciosis in cattle associated with photosensitization

et al. 2014

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Main clinical signs were weight loss, excessive lacrimation or mucopurulent ocular discharge, nasal serous discharge, ventral diphteric glossitis, crusts in the nose, teats, dorsum of ears, and vulva. Liver biopsy was performed in all the cows under risk; the histopathological findings in the liver biopsies consisted of fibrosis, megalocytosis, and biliary ductal proliferation and were present in 73.4% of the biopsied animals. Six cows had increased serum activity of gamma glutamyl transferase. Three affected cows were necropsied. The main necropsy findings were a hard liver, distended gall bladder, edema of the mesentery and abomasum. Liver histological changes in the necropsied cows were similar to those of the biopsied livers. Spongiosis was detected in the brain of necropsied cows and is characteristic of hepatic encephalopathy.

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Diagnostic Enzymology of Domestic Animals

Cited by 105 publications

References 197 publications

Evaluation of serum enzyme activities and protein fractions in Brucella-infected cows

Evaluation of serum enzyme activities and protein fractions in Brucella-infected cows

Calf Form Bovine Leukosis with Lameness in a Holstein Heifer

Seneciosis in cattle associated with photosensitization

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