Diagnostic Criteria for Obesity Disease in Cats

Okada, Yuki; Ueno, Hiromichi; Mizorogi, Takayuki; Ohara, K; Kawasumi, Koh; Arai, Toshiro

doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00284

Cited by 10 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“… 21 We reported that SAA concentrations significantly increase in cats with obesity. 22 In this study, we observed an increase in high SAA concentrations in geriatric cats. It suggests that some slight inflammation occurs in the body with aging.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Effects of Age on Inflammatory Profiles and Nutrition/Energy Metabolism in Domestic Cats

Mizorogi¹,

Kobayashi²,

Ohara³

et al. 2020

VMRR

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Background: Animals tend to increase in body weight and body condition score (BCS) with aging. Serum diagnostic markers related to energy metabolism may show changes even in healthy cats with aging. Materials and Methods: Seventy domestic cats were recruited for this study. Based upon the modified AAFP-AAHA Feline Life Stage Guidelines, animals were divided into six groups: Junior (7 months-2 years), Prime (3 −6 years), Mature (7-10 years), Senior (11-14 years), Geriatric-obese (15 years ≤) and Geriatric-thin (15 years ≤). Their body condition scores (BCS) ranged from 3/9 to 9/9. Changes in metabolites, inflammatory markers, hormone concentrations and enzyme activities related to energy metabolism were investigated in serum of 70 domestic cats of various ages. Results: Serum glucose (GLU) concentrations in the Mature, Senior, and Geriatric-obese groups were significantly higher than those in the Junior group. Serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations in the Geriatric-thin group were significantly increased compared with the Junior group. SAA concentrations in the Geriatric-obese group tended to increase although there were no statistically significant differences. In the Mature, Senior, Geriatricobese and Geriatric-thin groups, malate dehydrogenase/lactate dehydrogenase (M/L) ratio, an energy metabolic indicator, tended to decrease compared with the Junior group. In the Senior group, triglyceride (TG) concentrations were significantly increased compared with the Junior group. In the Geriatric-obese and Geriatric-thin groups, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were significantly increased compared with the Junior group. In the Geriatric-obese group, albumin (ALB) concentrations were decreased compared with the Junior group. Conclusion: Aged domestic cats tend to increase in body weight and BCS. In addition, serum GLU, TG, SAA, and BUN concentrations increased and serum ALB concentrations and M/L ratio decreased. These diagnostic markers may be useful to detect small changes related to energy metabolism with aging that may cause obesity with light inflammation in healthy cats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Effects of Age on Inflammatory Profiles and Nutrition/Energy Metabolism in Domestic Cats

Mizorogi¹,

Kobayashi²,

Ohara³

et al. 2020

VMRR

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“…18 For overweight cats with high BCS of >7/9, showing low adiponectin (<3.0 μg/mL), hyperlipidemia (triglyceride >165 mg/100mL or total cholesterol >180 mg/100mL) and high serum amyloid A concentrations (>200 ng/mL), categorized them as having obesity disease. 8,19 Informed consent was obtained from each client on the written form. The informed consent included information about possible risk, benefits, and limits of examination.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Supplementation with Anti-Inflammatory Compound Extracted from Herbs in Healthy and Obese Cats

Kobayashi¹,

Okada²,

Ueno³

et al. 2020

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Background: Obesity has become a serious public health problem all over the world, and prevalence of obesity has increased in cats. Obesity is characterized by continuous low-grade inflammation based on oxidative stress by excessively produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Supplementation with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds is very effective to relieve the obesity condition. A plant extract mixture containing Rhus verniciflua and some other herbs, Rv-PEM01-99, shows anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with Rv-PEM01-99 as an anti-inflammatory compound in healthy and obese cats. Materials and Methods: Ten healthy mix breed cats and four obesity disease cats were used. The healthy cats were randomly divided into control and test groups. Antiinflammatory compound, Rv-PEM01-99, in which quercetin derivative is the main component, was supplemented to the healthy test group and the obesity disease cats at the dose of 100-120 mg/kg/day (2.5-3.0 mg/kg/day as quercetin) for 4 weeks. Metabolites, hormones and enzymes were measured before and after the compound supplementation. Results: The anti-inflammatory compound supplementation decreased serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations as inflammatory markers in both healthy and obesity disease cats. In obesity disease cats, plasma total cholesterol concentrations and AST and ALT activities decreased significantly after the compound supplementation. Conclusion: Quercetin derivative seems to have strong anti-inflammatory activities. In the healthy cats, anti-inflammatory compound supplementation decreased plasma NEFA and SAA concentrations. In the obesity disease cats, the compound supplementation may have alleviated obesity disease by relieving inflammation and improvement of lipid metabolism in livers.

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“…O aumento de peso acontece quando a ingestão de alimentos excede as necessidades energéticas diárias do animal. Com isso, há um balanço energético positivo crônico no organismo (11). O excesso de peso ocorre a partir do aumento de 10% a 15% do peso corporal ideal (12).…”

Section: Definição De Obesidadeunclassified

“…Para isso existem diversas técnicas, que podem contribuir para o diagnóstico, dentre elas, classificação do escore de condição corporal (ECC), índice de massa magra (IMM), avaliação do peso, raios-x de dupla energia (DEXA), tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnética e também técnicas que auxiliam a estimar o índice de massa corporal dos felinos e o percentual de gordura (54)(55)(56). Diante disso, as técnicas de fácil aplicabilidade e baixo custo são bastante utilizadas na rotina clínica, pois os métodos que necessitam de anestesia acabam sendo pouco utilizados, pois ficam mais restritos para os locais onde há presença dos equipamentos e também devido ao alto custo (11,17). Além disso, deve-se realizar exames laboratoriais para avaliar a saúde geral do paciente como hemograma, bioquímica sérica e exame de imagem quando necessário (11).…”

Section: Diagnósticounclassified

“…Diante disso, as técnicas de fácil aplicabilidade e baixo custo são bastante utilizadas na rotina clínica, pois os métodos que necessitam de anestesia acabam sendo pouco utilizados, pois ficam mais restritos para os locais onde há presença dos equipamentos e também devido ao alto custo (11,17). Além disso, deve-se realizar exames laboratoriais para avaliar a saúde geral do paciente como hemograma, bioquímica sérica e exame de imagem quando necessário (11).…”

Section: Diagnósticounclassified

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Obesidade Em Felinos Domésticos: Fatores De Risco, Impactos Clínicos, Metabólicos, Diagnóstico E Tratamento

Lima

Mendes²,

Flores³

et al. 2021

RVZ

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O aumento da composição corporal pode promover alterações metabólicas e locomotoras, além de diminuir a expectativa de vida dos animais. Desse modo, o objetivo deste artigo é fornecer informações sobre a obesidade, elucidar os fatores de risco, diagnóstico, tratamento, assim como, ressaltar maneiras de enriquecimento ambiental e prevenção da obesidade. A obesidade possui origem multifatorial e pode contribuir para o surgimento de comorbidades. O diagnóstico baseia-se na avaliação nutricional e na identificação do grau de obesidade. Para isso existem algumas técnicas, como avaliação do peso, classificação do escore de condição corporal (ECC), índice de massa magra (IMM), raios-x de dupla energia (DEXA), tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnética e em métodos que auxiliam a estimar o índice de massa corporal dos felinos e o percentual de gordura. O tratamento consiste no planejamento nutricional, para isso deve-se realizado a troca de dieta para um alimento para perda de peso com densidade energética reduzida, baixo teor de gorduras e alto teor de proteínas e fibras. É fundamental que haja o retorno quinzenal ou mensal do paciente para a verificação da velocidade de perda e caso seja necessário realizar ajustes na dieta. Acrescido a dieta é essencial a introdução de enriquecimento ambiental para aumentar a atividade física. Diante do exposto, é de grande importância realizar o tratamento para obesidade, além de conscientizar os tutores sobre o correto manejo ambiental e nutricional, a fim de promover qualidade de vida a esses animais.

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Diagnostic Criteria for Obesity Disease in Cats

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

<p>Effects of Age on Inflammatory Profiles and Nutrition/Energy Metabolism in Domestic Cats</p>

<p>Effects of Age on Inflammatory Profiles and Nutrition/Energy Metabolism in Domestic Cats</p>

<p>Effects of Supplementation with Anti-Inflammatory Compound Extracted from Herbs in Healthy and Obese Cats</p>

Obesidade Em Felinos Domésticos: Fatores De Risco, Impactos Clínicos, Metabólicos, Diagnóstico E Tratamento

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