Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome: Caucasians Versus African-Americans

Zeno, Stacey A.; Deuster, Patricia A.; Davis, Jennifer L.; Kim-Dorner, Su-Jong; Remaley, Alan T.; Poth, Merrily

doi:10.1089/met.2009.0053

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This ethnic difference was also documented by Zeno et al (2010), who showed that differences do exist between people of European ancestry and African Americans in terms of diagnostics for MetS and also for risk factors, as African Americans have a favourable lipid profile compared to people of European ancestry. One potential limitation of the study is non-estimation of fasting glucose, due to which MetS might be under-estimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

The association of non-HDL cholesterol with the presence of metabolic syndrome in North Indian subjects with and without CAD

Garg

Kabita

Sinha

et al. 2012

Annals of Human Biology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

The association of non-HDL cholesterol with the presence of metabolic syndrome in North Indian subjects with and without CAD

Garg

Kabita

Sinha

et al. 2012

Annals of Human Biology

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“…Increases observed in all measures of adiposity in overweight traders also (with prevalence of 33.0%) compared with normal weight traders in our study suggest that most of the traders (56.4%) are at risk of CVD. There is therefore an urgent need for early diagnosis of MS as well as modulation diet and lifestyles to prevent the burden of non-communicable diseases [20] especially in Nigerians who are blacks with known higher prevalence of metabolic diseases than Caucasians [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Visceral adiposity has been reported as the most common cause of insulin resistance and a powerful aetiopathogenic factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and accelerated atherogenesis [3]. MS is the concurrence of disturbed glucose and insulin metabolism, overweight and abdominal fat distribution, mild dyslipidaemia, and hypertension associated with subsequent development of DM2 and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [2,4,5]. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been reported globally and is thought to affect Nigerians [2,[6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, waist circumference does not adjust for body stature, and different waist circumference thresholds may be needed for different ethnic groups [10]. Zeno et al [5] showed that current guidelines for MS including the IDF criteria were appropriate in excluding healthy individuals if diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was intended for early recognition of CVD risk and slowing CVD development. Ethnic differences in these guidelines were eliminated in their study when percentage body fat (PBF) was included as a criterion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indices of Metabolic Syndrome in 534 Apparently Healthy Nigerian Traders

Charles-Davies¹,

Arinola²,

Fasanmade³

et al. 2012

UCMS

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Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MS) increases the risk of developing type-2 diabetes (DM2) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and it is thought to be prevalent in Nigeria. This study aims at determining the prevalence of MS and its component risk factors among apparently healthy traders in a local market in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: 534 apparently healthy traders from a local market in Bodija, Ibadan, Nigeria aged (18-105) years with neither DM2 nor CVD were participants of a cohort study on risk assessment of type 2 diabetes and dementia in Nigerians with metabolic syndrome. The International Diabetes Federation (2005) and the World Health Organisation (1998) criteria were used for MS and BMI respectively. Anthropometric indices (weight, height, body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (PBF), waist and hip circumferences (WC & HC) and their ratio (WHR), waist circumference to height ratio (WHT)) and blood pressure (BP) were obtained by standard methods. Blood samples (6 ml) were obtained for the determination of glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) by enzymatic methods while low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and ANOVA were among the analyses conducted. Results: 301 (56.4%) of traders studied were overweight (176, 33.0%) or obese (125, 23.4%) while 17 (3.4%) and 125 (40.4%) were underweight and normal weight respectively. The prevalence of MS and obesity were 87 (16.3%) and 125 (23.4%) respectively. There was significant association between obesity and MS (p < 0.05). Both MS and obesity were significantly associated with gender (p < 0.05). The prevalence of MS and obesity was higher in female (20.9%; 31.0%) than male traders (6.5%; 7.1%) respectively. The prevalence of MS increased from normal weight (8.3%) to overweight (18.8%) to obesity (28.8%). There were significantly higher differences in age, BP(systolic and diastolic), weight, BMI, WC, HC, WHT, WHR, and PBF but lower difference in height when overweight/obese groups were compared with normal weight group (p < 0.05). TC and LDL-C were significantly higher in only obese than normal weight traders. However, FPG, TG and HDL-C were similar in all groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There is high prevalence of MS and obesity among Nigerian traders. Female gender, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, increasing age, general and abdominal obesity appear to be important metabolic risk factors of CVD and not DM2 among Nigerian traders. Health care strategies for effective modulation of diet and lifestyle are needed urgently. In addition, screening programs for indices of MS in all Nigerians irrespective of BMI could be considered.

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“…Similar to Caucasian populations, African Americans with lower CRF levels tend to have a worsened CVD risk profile (hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, and elevated inflammation) [9, 10, 33–35]. Further, the few data evaluating CRF and mortality by race suggest that CRF is an important risk factor for mortality in both African American and Caucasian adults.…”

Section: Mortality Risk Reduction By Crf In African American and Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness in African Americans: A Health Disparity Risk Factor?

et al. 2013

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Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a well-established risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. African Americans have higher rates of cardiovascular disease compared to their Caucasian counterparts. However, the extent to which lower CRF levels contribute to the excess risk in African Americans has not been fully explored. The purpose of this review is to: 1) explore the literature evaluating the relationship between CRF and mortality specifically in African American populations; and 2) critically evaluate the studies which have compared CRF between African American and Caucasians in epidemiological studies and clinical trials. We have further discussed several potential mechanisms that may contribute to the observation of lower CRF levels in African American compared to Caucasian adults including potential racial differences in physical activity levels, muscle fiber type distribution, and hemoglobin levels. If lower CRF is generally present in African Americans compared to Caucasians, and is of a clinically meaningful difference, this may represent an important public health concern.

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Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome: Caucasians Versus African-Americans

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

The association of non-HDL cholesterol with the presence of metabolic syndrome in North Indian subjects with and without CAD

The association of non-HDL cholesterol with the presence of metabolic syndrome in North Indian subjects with and without CAD

Indices of Metabolic Syndrome in 534 Apparently Healthy Nigerian Traders

Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness in African Americans: A Health Disparity Risk Factor?

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