Diagnostic assays with monoclonal antibodies for the human serum parvovirus-like virus (SPLV)

Abstract

SUMMARYMonoclonal antibodies to the serum parovirus-like virus (SPLV) were prepared by the hybridoma technique. They provided an antibody reagent which was used to develop solid phase antibody-capture assays for anti-SPLV IgM and IgG and for SPLV antigen. These assays were more sensitive than those based on human convalescent antibody as a reagent, and were more economical in the use of SPLV antigen. Their use enabled the serological responses to SPLV to be studied more fully and their sensitivity revealed the extent of SPLV infection.SPLV antigen was detected in four patients by both counter-immuno electrophoresis (CIE) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) and in two others by RIA alone. Parvovirus particles were seen in all six by electron microscopy. The anti-SPLV IgM response was measured in patients infected by SPLV. It was strong 5-18 days after the onset of illness, then declined and was only detectable in trace amounts after 6 months. Anti-SPLV IgG was also formed early, and persisted for at least 6 months. In a survey of 310 blood donors anti-SPLV was detected in 134 (43 %) by CIE, but in 190 (61 %) by IgG antibody capture RIA.

A school outbreak of parvovirus B19 infection investigated using salivary antibody assays

“…Our results are therefore consistent with the known epidemiology of B19 infection and, as Figure 4 shows, by the time the outbreak had finished, the level of immunity among pupils, excepting class 5 (9-10 years), was very similar to that in the adult population [1,10].…”

“…In addition, only 29 % of staff were found to be immune shortly after the outbreak had been notified. This is a low figure compared to an IgG prevalence of 50-60% in adults found in other surveys where serum samples have been used [1,10]. Nevertheless, we believe the level of immunity detected among staff before the outbreak to be accurate as they experienced a similar attack rate to pupils and once the outbreak had subsided, immunity among the staff rose to 65 %.…”

“…Furthermore, in patients with reduced red cell survival, B 19 can cause transient aplastic crises and, in the immunocompromised, prolonged anaemia. At present laboratory diagnosis relies upon antibody detection in a serum sample [1]. However, as most infection occurs in childhood, serological tests which rely on non-invasive sampling may be more acceptable for the diagnosis of a normally trivial childhood infection.…”

“…However, as most infection occurs in childhood, serological tests which rely on non-invasive sampling may be more acceptable for the diagnosis of a normally trivial childhood infection. We have now developed, through advances in recombinant DNA technology in the production of B19 antigens coupled with the wellestablished antibody capture technique [1], a noninvasive sampling method based on salivary antibody assays capable of detecting recent and past infection with parvovirus B19. Here we describe how these assays were evaluated and employed to investigate an extensive outbreak of B19 infection in a primary school and the subsequent spread of infection within the home.…”

Human parvovirus arthropathy

“…We would like to emphasize that the initial articular symptoms were localized in the axial skeleton and that liver enzymes were increased, as has been previously reported in HPV infections (5 …”