Diagnostic and Public Health Dilemma of Lactose-Fermenting
            <i>Salmonella enterica</i>
            Serotype Typhimurium in Cattle in the Northeastern United States

McDonough, Patrick L.; Shin, Seung Uon; Lein, Donald H.

doi:10.1128/jcm.38.3.1221-1226.2000

Cited by 43 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…2006), but still, conventional culture method continues to be most common detection method in spite of its limitation in the form of interfering background flora that mask detection and isolation. Occasionally, lactose‐utilizing strains escape without being detected by culture method (Mcdonough et al. 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of culture, ELISA and PCR assays for the detection of Salmonella in seafood

Kumar

Surendran²,

Thampuran

2007

Letters in Applied Microbiology

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Aims: The study evaluated the efficiency of culture, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the detection of Salmonella in naturally contaminated seafood. Methods and Results: In this study, 215 seafood samples comprising fish, shrimp, crab, clam, mussel, oyster, squid, cuttlefish and octopus from fish market of Cochin (India), were compared by culture, ELISA and PCR methods. Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) method was followed for culture assay, and Salmonella Tek, a commercial sandwich ELISA kit, was used for ELISA assay. Salmonella‐specific PCR assay was developed for 284 bp Salmonella‐specific invA gene amplicon. PCR assay exhibited 31·6% seafood positive for Salmonella followed by ELISA (23·7%) and culture method (21·3%). There was fair to excellent agreement between culture, ELISA and PCR assays (kappa coefficient values ranging from 0·385 to 1·0) for different seafood samples. Conclusion: The investigation revealed the greater concordance between culture and ELISA methods for seafood. Among the three methods, PCR assay was most sensitive. Lower detection rate with culture and ELISA assays could be attributed to greater sensitivity of the PCR method in the detection of Salmonella in seafood. Significance and Impact of the Study: We propose the incorporation of dual tests based on different principle and procedure for the routine analysis of Salmonella in seafood.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of culture, ELISA and PCR assays for the detection of Salmonella in seafood

Kumar

Surendran²,

Thampuran

2007

Letters in Applied Microbiology

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“…Indeed, routine protocols may underestimate the prevalence of lactose positive Salmonella biotypes, such as S. enterica subsp. IIIa and IIIb, that require special media in order to avoid confusion with coliform colonies (McDonough et al 2000). A standard protocol that is routinely used for Salmonella isolation from food (ISO 6579; Anon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Salmonella strains from reptile faeces and comparison of different culture media

Corrente

Madio

Friedrich³

et al. 2004

J Appl Microbiol

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Aims: To provide information on epidemiology and isolation of Salmonella strains from reptiles. Methods and Results: Ninety-one samples collected from reptiles of the zoo of Rome or belonging to private owners were analysed using a standard protocol for isolation of Salmonella from food. Salmonella strains were tested for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobics by a disc-agar diffusion method. Forty-six samples (50AE5%) were positive for Salmonella. Of the 22 strains serotyped, 17 belonged to Salmonella enterica subsp. I, four to the subsp. IIIa and one strain resulted untypeable. Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth (RVB) allowed to recover more Salmonella strains when bacterial growth in buffered peptone water (BPW) was scarce, while selenite cystine broth (SCB) was more efficient, whereas growth in BPW was abundant. The maximum isolation score was obtained by plating onto xylose lysine desoxycholate agar (XLD). The strains exhibited resistance at high percentages to colistin sulphate (58AE7%), sulphamethoxazole (55AE5%), streptomycin (32AE6%), tetracycline (19AE6%), ampicillin (17AE4%) and nalidixic acid (13AE1%). Conclusions: A high prevalence of Salmonella in reptiles was observed. For isolation, the choice of the enrichment broth depending on the degree of growth in BPW followed by plating onto XLD may be suggested. Significance and Impact of the Study: This paper provides epidemiological data on the prevalence of Salmonella and laboratory protocols useful for isolation of Salmonella from faeces of reptiles.

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“…It is estimated that less than 1% of all Salmonella ferment lactose due to the loss of the lac operon from the S . enterica subspecies [83]. It was interesting to discover that one non-venomous snake isolate (13L-2837) which belongs to S .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diversity, evolution and ecology of Salmonella in venomous snakes

et al. 2019

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Background Reptile-associated Salmonella bacteria are a major, but often neglected cause of both gastrointestinal and bloodstream infection in humans globally. The diversity of Salmonella enterica has not yet been determined in venomous snakes, however other ectothermic animals have been reported to carry a broad range of Salmonella bacteria. We investigated the prevalence and diversity of Salmonella in a collection of venomous snakes and non-venomous reptiles. Methodology/Principle findings We used a combination of selective enrichment techniques to establish a unique dataset of reptilian isolates to study Salmonella enterica species-level evolution and ecology and used whole-genome sequencing to investigate the relatedness of phylogenetic groups. We observed that 91% of venomous snakes carried Salmonella , and found that a diverse range of serovars ( n = 58) were carried by reptiles. The Salmonella serovars belonged to four of the six Salmonella enterica subspecies: diarizonae , enterica , houtanae and salamae . Subspecies enterica isolates were distributed among two distinct phylogenetic clusters, previously described as clade A (52%) and clade B (48%). We identified metabolic differences between S . diarizonae , S . enterica clade A and clade B involving growth on lactose, tartaric acid, dulcitol, myo -inositol and allantoin. Significance We present the first whole genome-based comparative study of the Salmonella bacteria that colonise venomous and non-venomous reptiles and shed new light on Salmonella evolution. Venomous snakes examined in this study carried a broad range of Salmonella , including serovars which have been associated with disease in humans such as S . Enteritidis. The findings raise the possibility that venomous snakes could be a reservoir for Salmonella serovars associated with human salmonellosis.

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Diagnostic and Public Health Dilemma of Lactose-Fermenting Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium in Cattle in the Northeastern United States

Cited by 43 publications

References 44 publications

Evaluation of culture, ELISA and PCR assays for the detection of Salmonella in seafood

Evaluation of culture, ELISA and PCR assays for the detection of Salmonella in seafood

Isolation of Salmonella strains from reptile faeces and comparison of different culture media

The diversity, evolution and ecology of Salmonella in venomous snakes

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