Abstract:Objective
Evidence-based characterization of the diagnostic and prognostic value of the hematological and immunological markers related to the epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critical to understand the clinical course of the infection and to assess in development and validation of biomarkers.
Methods
Based on systematic search in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct up to April 22, 2020, a total of 52 eligible articles with 6,320 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cohorts w… Show more
“…( Harrison et al, 2020 ) On the other side, a meta-analysis study has shown that a high level of leukocyte counts and the high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was associated with a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 and mortality from COVID-19. ( Elshazli et al, 2020 ) Finally, people with dementia, due to the nature of their cognitive decline, would require the care and support of carers such as dementia caregivers in order to be able to follow healthcare and preventive measures such as wearing face masks and washing their hands with water and soap or hand sanitizers. ( Suzuki et al, 2020 ) However, during this COVID-19 pandemic, the availability of caregivers becomes limited which may cause dementia patients unable to follow healthcare and preventive measures therefore making them posed a higher risk of contracting an infection from COVID-19.…”
“…( Harrison et al, 2020 ) On the other side, a meta-analysis study has shown that a high level of leukocyte counts and the high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was associated with a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 and mortality from COVID-19. ( Elshazli et al, 2020 ) Finally, people with dementia, due to the nature of their cognitive decline, would require the care and support of carers such as dementia caregivers in order to be able to follow healthcare and preventive measures such as wearing face masks and washing their hands with water and soap or hand sanitizers. ( Suzuki et al, 2020 ) However, during this COVID-19 pandemic, the availability of caregivers becomes limited which may cause dementia patients unable to follow healthcare and preventive measures therefore making them posed a higher risk of contracting an infection from COVID-19.…”
“…However, performance of prognosis for progression to severe disease was poorer with AUC = 0.75. In the recently reported meta-analysis over a large number of studies, classifier performance was found to be higher for neutrophil count (AUC = 0.831), lymphocyte (AUC = 0.867) and D-dimer (AUC = 0.876) than using IL-6 as covariate(AUC = 0.632) [ 13 ]. Another research with 102 COVID-19 patients used logistic regression to evaluate potential of multiple cytokines to diagnose severe and critical patients [ 20 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A recently published extensive meta-analysis summarized elevated levels of IL-2, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in severe group of patients, whereas no significant increase was found in the levels of IL-1β and IL-17 [ 12 ]. A two-arm meta-analysis study synthesized from individual patient data reported statistically significant odds ratio (p < 0.05) to severe disease for only two cytokines - IL-6 and IL-10 [ 13 ]. Some meta-analysis efforts reported difference in IL-6 level between severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients in terms of Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) [ 14 ], mean difference [ 15 ] or ratio of means [ 16 ] values that can potentially be used as cut-off to discriminate between severe and non-severe patients.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Clinical studies with COVID-19 patient cohorts explored the role of IL-6 alone [ 19 ] or IL-6 along with other cytokines including IL-10, IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α and IFN-γ as prognosticator for severe disease [ 20 ]. Meta-analysis studies described before 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 21 , 22 concluded elevated levels of cytokines in severe COVID-19 patients but did not attempt to establish their prognostic significance, except the study by Elshazli et al who performed decision tree and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis to assess prognostic potential of multiple laboratory parameters including IL-6 [ 13 ]. Another study with a cohort of 501 patients [ 23 ] attempted to establish a mortality risk model using multiple clinical parameters and IL-6 level.…”
SARS-CoV-2, an infectious agent behind the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, induces high levels of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ etc in infected individuals that play a role in the underlying patho-physiology. Nonetheless, exact association and contribution of every cytokine towards COVID-19 pathology remains poorly understood. Delineation of the roles of cytokines during COVID-19 holds the key to efficient patient management in clinics. This study performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to establish association between induced cytokines and COVID-19 disease severity to help in prognosis and clinical care. Main methods: Scientific literature was searched to identify 13 cytokines (IL-
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