Diagnosis of vitamin A deficiency from its ocular manifestations in a British patient

Al-Ani, Ali; Ramaesh, Kanna; Wykes, William

doi:10.3129/i09-114

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…39,40 In developing countries, vitamin A deficiency is the main cause for blindness among children. 41 Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye in order to increase awareness about the importance of vitamin A for this patient population. We found that TF grades and tear osmolarity values improved after vitamin A supplementation in most patients with dry eye, whereas PRT test results and TBUT showed no significant changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies have suggested an association between eye dryness and vitamin A deficiency. 7,11,42 Vitamin A is an important component for the visual pigments and the integrity of the ocular surface, 41 and it is used in the treatment of peripheral vision loss, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis. 43 Dry eye disease can result from vitamin A deficiency, with mild deficiency resulting in conjunctival changes and severe deficiency resulting in xerophthalmia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye</p>

Alanazi¹,

El‐Hiti²,

Al-Baloud³

et al. 2019

OPTH

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Objective: To investigate the effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye. Methods: In total, 30 male patients with dry eye (age range, 18-38 years; mean age, 25.2±2.8 years) who did not wear contact lenses or exhibit any ocular (other than dry eye) or systemic diseases were included, along with 30 age-matched men (control group; mean age, 24.5±2.3 years) with healthy eyes. Subject exclusion was based on the findings of the McMonnies questionnaire (cutoff score for dry eye: 14.5) and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. All subjects received an oral vitamin A supplement at a daily dose of 1,500 mg for 3 consecutive days. The phenol red thread (PRT) test was performed along with assessments of tear ferning (TF), tear osmolarity, and the tear break-up time (TBUT) before and 24 hours after the third dose of the vitamin A supplement. A 10-minute interval was observed between different tests. Results: In the dry eye group, the TF grade (Wilcoxon test, P=0.01) exhibited a significant decrease, while the tear osmolarity value (t-test, P=0.01) exhibited a significant increase after vitamin A supplementation. The PRT test findings (P=0.17) and TBUT (P=0.49) showed no significant differences before and after vitamin A supplementation. In the control group, vitamin A supplementation showed no significant effects on TF (P=0.74), tear osmolarity (P=0.55), the TBUT (P=0.19), and the PRT test scores (P=0.48). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that short-term oral vitamin A supplementation improves the quality, but not quantity, of tears in patients with dry eye. Future studies should involve larger patient samples and longer periods of vitamin A supplementation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye</p>

Alanazi¹,

El‐Hiti²,

Al-Baloud³

et al. 2019

OPTH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Vitamin A deficiency is a leading cause of childhood blindness and mortality worldwide, mostly in developing countries [ 5 ]. It is unusual in developed countries, where it may occur in the context of malnutrition (often related to alcoholism) or lipid malabsorption, as shown in table 1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xerophthalmia refers to the ocular manifestations associated with vitamin A deficiency; these include nyctalopia (night blindness), conjunctival and corneal xerosis (drying) and keratomalacia (corneal necrosis/ulceration) [ 5 , 7 ]. Bitot's spots are patches of dry-looking conjunctiva with overlying frothy material which is composed of colonies of the diphtheroid Corynebacterium xerosis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin A Deficiency Presenting with ‘Itchy Eyes'

Lee

Sarossy

Zamir

2015

Case Rep Ophthalmol

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We present the case of an 88-year-old female living in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia who developed vitamin A deficiency manifesting as ‘itchy eyes' due to a bizarre dietary habit. Slit lamp examination revealed Bitot's spots and a subsequent vitamin A serum level test revealed severe deficiency. An electroretinogram showed grossly reduced a- and b-wave amplitudes consistent with generalised rod and cone dysfunction - these parameters showed marked improvement 5 months post supplementation. This case highlights the presence of vitamin A deficiency in the developed world and that a careful dietary history should be taken when assessing a patient complaining of ‘itchy eyes'. Timely diagnosis and treatment may result in dramatic resolution of symptoms and signs as well as prevention of serious morbidity.

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“…Vitamin A deficiency [9,10], contact lens abuse [11], topical preservatives [12] and allergy [13] can also be responsible for the onset of EDE. MGD can be evaluated by infrared illumination as Cobra System Ò that highlights meibomian gland loss (meibography).…”

Section: Classification Of Dry Eye Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of diquafosol tetrasodium for the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome

Bremond-Gignac¹,

Gicquel

Chiambaretta

2014

Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology

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Diagnosis of vitamin A deficiency from its ocular manifestations in a British patient

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

<p>Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye</p>

<p>Effects of short-term oral vitamin A supplementation on the ocular tear film in patients with dry eye</p>

Vitamin A Deficiency Presenting with ‘Itchy Eyes'

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of diquafosol tetrasodium for the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome

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