Diagnosis of the Maturity Level of Implementing Industry 4.0 Solutions in Selected Functional Areas of Management of Automotive Companies in Poland

Stawiarska, Ewa; Szwajca, Danuta; Matusek, Mirosław; Wolniak, Radosław

doi:10.3390/su13094867

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Only this process will allow to obtain data that in turn allows the implementation of stream analysis in the manufacturing process. Digitisation of processes (Gajdzik et al 2021 ; Kordel et al 2021 ; Liu et al 2021 ; Akazi et al 2020 ; Pirocă et al 2021 ) in a manufacturing business is employed increasingly often and forms one of the key factors of introducing Industry 4.0 (Miśkiewicz et al 2020 ; Gajdzik et al 2021 ; Stawiarska 2021 ; Pirocă et al 2021 ). Also, robotisation is a prerequisite element for implementing Industry 4.0 in business (Botlíková et al 2020 ; Siderska 2021 ; Marinoudi et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic analysis of a manufacturing process based on a small scale bakery

2022

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The main aim of the article is to present two new innovative concepts of reliability of a functioning manufacturing system in the process of making bread in small-scale bakeries. Reliability is understood as one of the representations of an operator acting on specific streams in time t o to t. One of these represents the global reliability of a system as a function of parallel action of all the streams of the system in time t o to t and is denoted as P g (t) . The second representation of reliability is a scalar value, P ss It shows a new function of global reliability of a manufacturing process as a product of system stream reliability. In order to plot the flow of the manufacturing process’s global reliability function, we need to perform detailed calculations, computations, and analysis of the differences of individual values in real time, as well as plan an algorithm of the flow of system streams. This needs a lot of effort, translating however, to a detailed picture of the process. In the analysed example, measurements and research revealed an important increase of the value of reliability in a transition from a traditional to a robotised bakery. The article also presents a new concept of the reliability of a technological process, based on the analysis of relations of elements of the following streams: energy, matter, information, time, and finances. It shows the method of specifying streams and the method for defining the reliability of important and supportive relations. Important relations between stream elements are defined as having the reliability value of one in time. Supportive relations bear the reliability within a continuum between zero and one. Important relations are designated based on research, experience, and knowledge. Stream systemic reliability P ss is a scalar value, i.e. a number from the continuum between zero and one. The P ss value characterises failure-free operation of the whole system. Its average value in the normative time t n expresses the efficiency of the manufacturing system. The value P ss is a quotient of the number of important relation and the sum of important and supportive relations. The formula for P ss shows the method of optimising the process through the increasing of the number of important relations between the input stream components. The concept has been applied to study the efficiency of operation of a small-scale bakery. Systemic analysis of a bakery allows for important increase in the reliability of baking bread if robotisation has been implemented. The concept of systemic-stream reliability P ss may be applied to analyse the efficiency of any technological process and optimisation of any manufacturing process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic analysis of a manufacturing process based on a small scale bakery

2022

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“…. system efficiency assessment) Richert et al, 2016a;Gregor et al, 2017;Iordache, 2017;Lee et al, 2017;Santos et al, 2017;Badri et al, 2018;Um et al, 2018;Gray-Hawkins et al, 2019;Hamdi et al, 2019;Kumar and Kumar, 2019;Madonna et al, 2019;Ahmad et al, 2020;Blštáková et al, 2020;Brozzi et al, 2020;Cimini et al, 2020;Gajšek et al, 2020;Gazzaneo et al, 2020;Longo et al, 2020;Miśkiewicz and Wolniak, 2020;Ramadan et al, 2020;Berrah et al, 2021;Çinar et al, 2021;El-Haouzi et al, 2021;Rupp et al, 2021;Stawiarska et al, 2021 1.2. I4.0 technologies were described through case studies on specific components, which included both implementation and trial studies, as well as their expected outcomes and limits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the status of the human operator in Industry 4.0: A systematic review

2022

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Industry 4.0 (I4.0) promises to transform jobs and working conditions through the implementation of unprecedented human-machine interaction modes. As the operator working in these new settings, known as the Operator 4.0, is a relatively recent concept, and although technological developments are expected to support workers and require higher labor skills, the risks and health impacts resulting from these changes remain underexplored. This systematic review aims to (i) systematize literature findings on how workers are perceived and participate in I4.0 work systems; (ii) identify the main technological changes driven by I4.0; and (iii) instigate discussion regarding the impacts these changes may have for workers and the sustainability of work systems. Following a systematic review approach using the PRISMA protocol, the articles were organized into two main analysis axes: the technical changes brought about by I4.0, and the representation of the human worker within these new work settings. The findings reveal that a techno-centered approach still seems to be dominant in guiding the implementation of I4.0 models; secondly, as a consequence, the social dimensions of work tend to remain as residual issues, overshadowed by the promises related with technology (e.g., productivity, efficiency); finally, the representation of the Operator 4.0 remains blurry, as he/she is perceived as gender neutral, skillful, and perfectly fit for work, assuring the functioning (and compensating for the limits) of these systems. While I4.0 promises safer and more productive workplaces, issues related to employment conditions, emerging risks and health impacts become more prominent when analyzed from an activity-centered perspective. In terms of future research, a more heuristic analysis could be achieved through a participatory and work-centered approach and following a gender perspective. This way, visibility could be conferred to another side of I4.0, thus guaranteeing conditions for the sustainable development of these work situations.

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“…It is concluded that this method could be a contribution towards the transformation of the baking industry, towards Industry 4.0. In Industry 4.0, we digitalize all data, and analyze them using big data or artificial intelligence methods [65][66][67][68]. It is concluded that this method based on real data from bakeries will speed up the implementation of Industry 4.0 therein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Assessment of Product Quality

Drozd

Wolniak

2021

Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity

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The article describes an innovative metrizable idea for systemic assessments of product quality within the baking industry. Complex product quality analysis requires the employment of metrizability criteria for factors that impact the quality of the product, and these are called determinants. Therefore, such analysis is only possible with the use of systems engineering. A system represents the potential of a manufacturing process, of major impact on quality. Composites of the manufacturing process make up the determinants of bread quality, grouped into three sets: raw materials, manufacturing technology, and manufacturing organization and technique. This paper also contains methodological implications for the construction of algorithms for manufacturing process potential determinants. Metrizable product quality assessment is a very important issue in the context of its implementation in manufacturing companies. Its use allows for obtaining comprehensive data on the quality status of a product. It is an important tool for analyzing and forecasting modern quality trends. The method presented in the article is new, innovative, and practical; and its vector representation may prove useful in Quality 4.0. The method could be an important point of reference for managers, directors, and decision makers who must determine the best metrizability criteria for systemic product quality assessments, and could prove useful in Industry 4.0 in the bakery industry. The main value of the paper is the presentation of a new, extensive method for systemic assessments of product quality based on vector analysis in industrial organization. We trialed the method in the baking industry. We concluded that the method is a contribution to management science, especially in the field of quality management, because this approach is not used in business and is not described in relevant international literature.

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Diagnosis of the Maturity Level of Implementing Industry 4.0 Solutions in Selected Functional Areas of Management of Automotive Companies in Poland

Cited by 12 publications

References 126 publications

Systemic analysis of a manufacturing process based on a small scale bakery

Systemic analysis of a manufacturing process based on a small scale bakery

Exploring the status of the human operator in Industry 4.0: A systematic review

Systematic Assessment of Product Quality

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