Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori

Abstract

Although there are attempts to perform Helicobacter pylori diagnosis directly in vivo using magnification endoscopy, most articles on diagnosis this year concerned non-invasive tests and molecular methods. For urea breath tests, there are attempts to have a quicker and cheaper test and to evaluate its role in cases of premalignant lesions. For stool antigens tests, evaluation of kits using monoclonal antibodies was carried out. Molecular tests have been applied for typing and detection of resistant mutants.

Clarithromycin Resistance and 23S rRNA Mutations in Helicobacter pylori

“…Type 1 pattern corresponded to normal gastric mucosa, types 2 and 3 to H. pylori -infected mucosa and type 4 to atrophy. The sensitivity and specificity for these endoscopic findings were 92.7% and 100% for type 1, and 100% and 92.7% for types 2 and 3 together, respectively (5).…”

“…Many diagnostic assays have been developed for Helicobacter pylori: culture, histology, rapid urease test, urea breath test, serology, stool antigen test, and molecular-based tests [2,5,10,11,15]. Culture has the great advantage of permitting subsequent determination of the antimicrobial susceptibility of the strain isolated, in particular to macrolides.…”

Unreliability of Results of PCR Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Clinical or Environmental Samples

“…Many detection methods for the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection have been described, each with advantages and disadvantages such that the choice is dependent on the application (e.g., for clinical diagnosis versus an epidemiology study) and the amount of error acceptable (8,11,17). Clinically, noninvasive methods are preferred, with urea breath testing and stool antigen testing being the current tests of choice (6).…”

Detection of gastric Helicobacter spp. in stool samples of dogs with gastritis

“…The sensitivity and specificity of this method is estimated to be between 58% -96% and 67% -100%, respectively. Helicobacter pylori may be degraded during intestinal passage and by mucolytic drugs, which reduces the effectiveness of this method (Kabir 2001, Cirak et al 2007, Mishra et al 2008, Tonkić et al 2012, Garza-Gonzalez et al 2014. Since the method uses monoclonal antibodies directed against Helicobacter pylori antigens, it is of limited use in dogs, since they tend to suffer from Helicobacter heilmannii, Helicobacter felis, Helicobacter salomonis, and Helicobacter bizzozeronii infections.…”