Diagnosis of depressed young people--criterion validity of WHO-5 and HSCL-6 in Denmark and Norway

Christensen, Kaj Sparle; Haugen, Wenche; Sirpal, Manjit Kaur; Haavet, Ole Rikard

doi:10.1093/fampra/cmv011

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A systematic review of its use found that it has been translated into more than 30 languages and has been used in research studies globally [1,3]. The validity of the WHO-5 has been tested in different countries and settings, but predominantly in high income settings in the west and Japan [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] as a robust outcome measure of well-being [4,6,8,9,15,16]. However, there are only a very few validations in Low-and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC), and specifically in Asia [15,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing mental well-being in a Sinhala speaking Sri Lankan population: validation of the WHO-5 well-being index

Perera

Jayasuriya

Caldera

et al. 2020

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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Purpose The WHO-5 well-being index is a widely used, short rating scale that measures subjective well-being. We translated the WHO-5 index into Sinhala and tested its psychometric properties including measurement invariance among diverse groups in a community sample in Sri Lanka. Methods The sample of 267 persons aged between 16 and 75 years was recruited from a semi-urban area. 219 completed a paper-based questionnaire and 48 responded to an online survey. Construct validity was tested for factorial validity (Confirmatory Factor Analysis -CFA), convergent validity and known group validity. Composite reliability for congeneric measures and test-retest reliability were also tested. Multi-group CFA (MG-CFA) was used to test measurement invariance. Results The translated Sinhala version demonstrated good content and face validity. Internal consistency reliability of the five items had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.85 and test-retest reliability over 2 weeks was satisfactory (Pearson r = 0.72, p < 0.001, ICC = 0.82). Confirmatory factor analysis supported factorial validity with a $$ {\chi}_5^2 $$ χ 5 2 =4.99 (p = 0.28), a RMSEA of 0.03 (90% C.I. =0.00–0.10), a SRMR of 0.02, a TLI of 0.99 and a CFI of 0.99; factor loadings were between 0.55 and 0.89. Measurement invariance was acceptable for configural, metric and scalar invariance for gender. WHO-5 scores were significantly negatively correlated with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) (Pearson’s r = − 0.45, p < 0.001) scores and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) scores (Pearson’s r = − 0.56, p < 0.001). Conclusion The Sinhala translation of WHO-5 well-being index has shown acceptable psychometric properties and can be used for assessing mental well-being in the community in Sri Lanka. Further testing of the measure with larger and diverse (including different ethnic/cultural) groups are indicated to test measurement invariance of the measure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing mental well-being in a Sinhala speaking Sri Lankan population: validation of the WHO-5 well-being index

Perera

Jayasuriya

Caldera

et al. 2020

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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“…The WHO-5 is a generic scale which is used to evaluate the general mental well-being of persons (Hall et al ., 2011; Bech, 2012) in clinical settings. The WHO-5 was reported to be one of the very frequently used scales that measure mental wellness and quality of life in Primary Care settings in different population groups such as adolescents and students (Yusoff et al ., 2013; Christensen et al ., 2015; Downs et al ., 2017); pregnant women (Mortazavi et al ., 2015); individuals using primary care services (Henkel et al ., 2004; Saipanish et al ., 2009; Guðmundsdóttir et al ., 2014; Christensen et al ., 2015); and in population-based studies (Khosravi et al ., 2015). Two main studies clearly mentioned the use and the superiority of the WHO-5 for screening mental well-being in PHC settings: Henkel et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WHO-5 is a generic scale which is used to evaluate the general mental well-being of persons (Hall et al, 2011;Bech, 2012) in clinical settings. The WHO-5 was reported to be one of the very frequently used scales that measure mental wellness and quality of life in Primary Care settings in different population groups such as adolescents and students (Yusoff et al, 2013;Christensen et al, 2015;Downs et al, 2017); pregnant women (Mortazavi et al, 2015); individuals using primary care services (Henkel et al, 2004;Saipanish et al, 2009;Guðmundsdóttir et al, 2014;Christensen et al, 2015); and in population-based studies (Khosravi et al, 2015). Two main studies clearly mentioned the use and the superiority of the WHO-5 for screening mental well-being in PHC settings: Henkel et al (2003) observed that, being the briefest screening questionnaire (and therefore the most practical to use), the WHO-5 produced very high sensitivity (93%) and negative predictive values (98%) compared to the other questionnaires with standard cut-off points in their paper (Henkel et al, 2003), whereas Löwe et al (2004) concluded that, all three questionnaires (The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire and the WHO-5) performed well in screening of the depressive mood (Löwe et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WHO-5 index has been validated for different populations (Bech et al, 1996;Heun et al, 2001;Awata et al, 2007a;Saipanish et al, 2009;Lehmann et al, 2011;Bech, 2012;Lucas-Carrasco, 2012;Yusoff et al, 2013;Guðmundsdóttir et al, 2014;Moon et al, 2014;Christensen et al, 2015;Khosravi et al, 2015;Uludag et al, 2016) but the psychometric properties of the previously translated (by the leading author of this paper) Turkish version were not investigated, leaving its validity and the reliability unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the WHO-5, in adults and older adults for its use in primary care settings

Eser

Çevik

Baydur

et al. 2019

Prim Health Care Res Dev

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Background: This study aims to determine the psychometric properties of the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) Turkish version in Turkish adults and older adults. Methods: This is a multicenter cultural adaptation study carried out with 1752 participants. Internal consistency (by Cronbach’s alpha); Construct validity (by known groups and confirmatory factor analysis-CFI) and discriminant validity are evaluated stratified by adults and older adults. Cohen’s Effect Size is used in known groups and discriminant validity analyses. Results: Distribution properties of the WHO-5 Turkish version are in acceptable limits. Alpha values are 0.81 for adults and 0.86 for older adults. The variances of the 58.5% of the adults sample and 63.9% of the older adults sample are explained in Exploratory FA. Model fits (CFI) are satisfactory ( > 0.95) in both samples; but RMSEA is poor in the older adults sample (0.166) whereas it is acceptable (0.073) in the adults sample. Known groups validity and discriminant analyses are satisfactory in both adults and older adults. Conclusion: The WHO-5 Turkish version has a good measurement capacity, internal consistency and good model fits in both samples. The error values in the older adults group suggest that the results when testing older adults should be interpreted with caution.

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“…Psychometric evaluation of the scale consisting of nine of ten items revealed high Cronbach's alphas (total sample = .915; maltreated sample = .899). The scale has previously been shown to be valid with both five and six items (Christensen, Haugen, Sirpal, & Haavet, 2015;Haavet et al, 2010;Strand, Dalgard, Tambs, & Rognerud, 2003).…”

Section: Internalizing Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective Inhibitory Control and Risk for Internalizing Problems in Adolescents Exposed to Physical and Psychological Abuse. A Population-based Study

Ss¹,

Augusti²,

Gs³

2020

Preprint

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Background. Adolescents’ emotion regulatory capacities may modulate the relationship between childhood maltreatment experiences and psychopathology. Affective inhibitory control constitutes an important part of emotion regulation and involves the ability to regulate automatic or prepotent responses to irrelevant and potentially distracting emotional information. Aims. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of affective inhibitory control in the relationship between exposure to childhood psychological and physical abuse and internalizing problems in adolescence. Method. A nationally representative sample of adolescents (Mage/SD =14/.8) exposed to physical and psychological abuse (N = 1841; male = 964; female = 877) conducted an Emotional Go/No-go task. Participants were presented with angry facial expressions as emotional no-go stimuli in order to examine their ability to inhibit behavioral responses to threatening task-irrelevant stimuli. Results. Affective inhibitory control problems were uniquely related to internalizing problems in girls, but not in boys. Moreover, affective inhibitory control moderated the relationship between exposure to psychological abuse and internalizing problems in girls. We did not observe any relationship between inhibitory control and internalizing problems when neutral faces were presented as task-irrelevant information. Conclusion. Findings suggest that a reduced ability to inhibit threatening, but task-irrelevant, information is related to internalizing problems in adolescent girls exposed to physical and psychological abuse. This highlights the importance of affective inhibitory control as a potential moderating mechanism in individual risk for experiencing internalizing problems in abused adolescent girls.

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Diagnosis of depressed young people--criterion validity of WHO-5 and HSCL-6 in Denmark and Norway

Abstract: The WHO-5 and the HSCL-6 may both serve as valid case finding instruments for depression in young people in primary care.

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Assessing mental well-being in a Sinhala speaking Sri Lankan population: validation of the WHO-5 well-being index

Assessing mental well-being in a Sinhala speaking Sri Lankan population: validation of the WHO-5 well-being index

Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the WHO-5, in adults and older adults for its use in primary care settings

Affective Inhibitory Control and Risk for Internalizing Problems in Adolescents Exposed to Physical and Psychological Abuse. A Population-based Study

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