Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the WHO-5, in adults and older adults for its use in primary care settings

Abstract

Background: This study aims to determine the psychometric properties of the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) Turkish version in Turkish adults and older adults. Methods: This is a multicenter cultural adaptation study carried out with 1752 participants. Internal consistency (by Cronbach’s alpha); Construct validity (by known groups and confirmatory factor analysis-CFI) and discriminant validity are evaluated stratified by adults and older adults. Cohen’s Effect Size is used in known groups and discriminant validity analyses. Results: Distribution properties of the WHO-5 Turkish version are in acceptable limits. Alpha values are 0.81 for adults and 0.86 for older adults. The variances of the 58.5% of the adults sample and 63.9% of the older adults sample are explained in Exploratory FA. Model fits (CFI) are satisfactory ( > 0.95) in both samples; but RMSEA is poor in the older adults sample (0.166) whereas it is acceptable (0.073) in the adults sample. Known groups validity and discriminant analyses are satisfactory in both adults and older adults. Conclusion: The WHO-5 Turkish version has a good measurement capacity, internal consistency and good model fits in both samples. The error values in the older adults group suggest that the results when testing older adults should be interpreted with caution.

Investigation of COVID-19 Fear, Well-Being and Life Satisfaction in Turkish Society

“…As a result of the reliability analysis applied to the well-being scale, the total Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.877. The results of factor analysis applied to the well-being scale showed that the scale in this study exhibited a single-factor structure similar to the study by Eser et al (2019). As a result of the analysis, it was seen that this single-factor structure explained 69.960% of the total variance, and the scale was included in the analyzes as a single-factor (KMO = 0.869, χ 2 = 8980.532, df = 10, p < .001).…”

“…"World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5)," which was developed by Bech, Gudex, and Staehr Johansen (1996), revised by WHO (1998) and whose Turkish adaptation was examined by Eser et al (2019) in terms of validity and reliability, was used to evaluate the states of the well-being of the participants. This scale, which is widely and internationally used to measure the well-being of the participants (Topp, Ostergaard, Sondergaard, & Bech, 2014), consists of one dimension and each item is scored with a 6-point Likert scale ranging from "at no time (0)" to "all of the time (5)."…”

Exploring the associations between resilience, dispositional hope, preventive behaviours, subjective well-being, and psychological health among adults during early stage of COVID-19

“…Summing all items can give a total score ranging from 0 to 25, with high scores referring to an increased well-being. Satisfactory psychometric properties of the scale were reported in Turkish language (Eser et al, 2019 ). In this study, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of WHO-5 was 0.88.…”

Worry, Severity, Controllability, and Preventive Behaviours of COVID-19 and Their Associations with Mental Health of Turkish Healthcare Workers Working at a Pandemic Hospital

“…The WHO-5 includes five items rated on a 6-point Likert scale response format that ranges from 0 = not present to 5 = constantly present. The scale was translated into Turkish Eser et al ( 2019 ).…”