Diagnosis of dementia

Boiler, François; López, Oscar L.; Moossy, John

doi:10.1212/wnl.39.1.76

Cited by 162 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We anticipate the clinical diagnosis to be accurate in an estimated 90 % of our cases, based on studies of the sensitivity and specificity of similar standardized diagnostic criteria used previously (Boller et al 1989 ;McKeith et al 1994). This is supported by our clinical diagnoses, which were correct in six of the seven cases for which we had neuropathological data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Magnetic resonance imaging differences between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Magnetic resonance imaging differences between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Individuals in the early stages of AD usually present with mild memory impairment (Haxby et al , 1985;Martin et al, 1986), similar to that in normal aging (Koss et al, 1991;Welford, 1985). The success rate of correctly identifying in dividuals in the early stages of AD using a variety of cognitive measures varies from 50 to 100% (Boller et al, 1989;Cohn et al, 1991;Storandt et al, 1984;Tierney et al, 1987Tierney et al, , 1988.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease: A Statistical Approach Using Positron Emission Tomographic Data

Azari

Pettigrew

Schapiro

et al. 1993

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Correlational analysis of regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRglc) obtained by high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) has demonstrated reduced neocortical rCMRglc interactions in mildly/moderately demented patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, identification of individual differences in patterns of rCMRglc interactions may be important for the early detection of AD, particularly among individuals at greater risk for developing AD (e.g., those with a family history of AD). Recently, a statistical procedure, using multiple regression and discriminant analysis, was developed to assess individual differences in patterns of rCMRglc interdependencies. We applied this new statistical procedure to resting rCMRglc PET data from mildly/moderately demented patients with probable AD and age/sex-matched controls. The aims of the study were to identify a discriminant function that would (a) distinguish patients from controls and (b) identify an AD pattern in an individual at risk for AD with isolated memory impairment whose initial PET scan showed minor abnormalities, but whose second scan showed parietal hypometabolism, coincident with further cognitive decline. Two discriminant functions, reflecting interactions involving regions most involved in reduced correlations in probable AD, correctly classified 87% of the patients and controls, and successfully identified the first scan of the at-risk individual as AD (probability >0.70). The results suggest that this statistical approach may be useful for the early detection of AD.

show abstract

“…With the application of strict criteria the accuracy of clinical diagnosis may reach 100%. 2 In none of the patients was the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer-type dementia confirmed by histopathology. The diagnosis of glaucoma required a characteristic pattern of glaucomatous visual field loss with corresponding optic nerve head appearance.…”

Section: Case Reportsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Severe progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Bayer¹,

Ferrari²

2002

Eye

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

209stimulating hormone level of 21.7 mu/l (normal 0.5-5.0), but serum thyroxine was normal. Other routine bloods including full blood count, urea and electrolytes, serum glucose and liver function tests were also normal. Thyroid autoantibodies and TSH receptor assays were not performed. This subclinical hypothyroidism 1 supported our diagnosis of dysthyroid ocular myopathy. Treatment with oral thyroxine was commenced with a subsequent reduction in this patient's serum cholesterol. He remains visually asymptomatic with normal visual fields, unchanged disc appearances, and normal intraocular pressures in the primary gaze position. CommentThe English, medieval, Franciscan, philosopher William of Occam, proposed the principle of Pluralitas non est ponenda sine necessitate meaning that plurality should not be posited without necessity. Physicians understand this to mean that a patient's diverse symptoms and signs be explained by a single pathophysiology.Our asymptomatic patient's abnormal lipids and IOP were discovered by separate, ad hoc 'screening' procedures. Initially they were considered separate matters; ultimately a common causation became clearillustrating Occam's razor.Both elevated lipids 1 and intra-ocular pressure 2 are recognised features of hypothyroidism in Graves disease. Elevated intra-ocular pressure is due to the inelastic inferior rectus muscle compressing the globe as it fails to relax against the upward pull of its antagonist. 3 Failure to recognise underlying hypothyroidism was of practical importance for this patient, who suffered the adverse effects from oral lipid lowering agents, lipid levels only becoming controlled on treatment with Thyroxine. In addition topical Timolol treatment was been shown to cause lipid derangement in healthy volunteers. 4 We feel that hypothyroidism should be considered in patients who present with elevated lipids 1 and elevated IOP-especially when optic discs or visual fields are normal.Subclinical hypothyroidism may present with a spectrum of clinical ophthalmic signs, but the presence of raised IOP particularly on up gaze, lid lag on down gaze, and the presence of deranged thyroid profiles are sufficient evidence of dysthyroid ocular myopathy in our case. In our opinion the presence of raised intraocular pressure in these patients contraindicates the use of ocular hypotensives in the presence of normal disc appearances and visual fields.

show abstract

Diagnosis of dementia

Cited by 162 publications

References 0 publications

Magnetic resonance imaging differences between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study

Magnetic resonance imaging differences between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study

Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease: A Statistical Approach Using Positron Emission Tomographic Data

Severe progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About