Diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma by infrared spectroscopy of whole blood samples applying soft independent modeling class analogy

Abstract

Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was applied to discriminate the blood samples obtained from healthy people and those with basal cell carcinoma, demonstrating high accuracy while soft independent modeling class analogy (SIMCA) chemometric technique is benefited. It was aimed to classify the normal case and cancer case blood samples through the use of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as a rapid method while the sample preparation is so easy in comparison with the common pathologic methods. A total of 72 blood samples, including 32 cancer and 40 normal cases, were analyzed in 1,800-900 cm(-1) spectral region. Results showed 97.6% of accuracy being compared with the current clinical methods. Research results were exemplified with comparable data of other classification methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and Cluster analysis. The residual errors in prediction (REP) of calibration model for normal and cancerous groups in SIMCA method were 0.00362 and 0.00343, respectively.

Diagnosis of colon cancer by attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and soft independent modeling of class analogy

“…SIMCA classification is simply based on using separate bilinear modeling for each bona fide data class, which concept was originally called disjoint modeling. The individual data class models are most often PCA models [25].…”

Vibrational biospectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis extracts potentially diagnostic features in blood plasma/serum of ovarian cancer patients

“…Blood-based spectroscopy is gaining increasing interest; for instance, it has been shown to discriminate between basal cell carcinoma and normal cases [21]. Blood is an ideal biofluid for IR spectroscopy as it is homogeneous, readily available and, sample preparation is simple and less invasive compared to obtaining a tissue biopsy [21].…”

“…Blood is an ideal biofluid for IR spectroscopy as it is homogeneous, readily available and, sample preparation is simple and less invasive compared to obtaining a tissue biopsy [21]. Biospectroscopy methods generate large datasets containing hundreds of variables (absorbance intensities at each wavenumber).…”

Chemometrics of Cells and Tissues Using IR Spectroscopy - Relevance in Biomedical Research

“…Similarly, examination of body fluids or other material for microbial infections without requiring long culture time can be rapidly done if detection systems are developed where the type of changes associated with different kinds of microbes are clearly defined and established (Bombalska et al 2011, Maquelin et al 2003. The ability of FTIR to detect biochemical changes in organs other than the one affected to possibly use these as indicator of the health status of patients has been another growing area of interest, mainly because these use materials like hairs and nails that are dispensable or blood samples that are easily obtained compared to biopsies (Lyman et al 2005, Khanmohammadi et al 2007. This type of FTIR based diagnosis would help decrease the cost through early intervention.…”