Diagnosis methods dedicated to the localisation of failed cells within PEMFC stacks

Tian, Guangyu; Wasterlain, Sébastien; Endichi, Issame; Candusso, Denis; Harel, Fabien; François, Xavier; Péra, Marie‐Cécile; Hissel, Daniel; Kauffmann, J.M.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.12.038

Cited by 59 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…During fuel cell operation, OCV deviates from its theoretical value basically because of reactants partial pressure drop associated with permeation through the membrane (H 2 crossover from the anode to the cathode) [6,7]. Possibly also from the reactions between Pt surface and O 2 or impurity oxidation [5] resulting in a mixed cathode potential [8].…”

Section: Polarization Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] have shown that the lifetime of a PEMFC can be reduced by several factors such as membrane degradation, catalyst dissolution and agglomeration. Lifetime can be reduced due to either long-term operation (power or thermal cycling) or to operation incidents such as reactants starvation or MEA contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on PEM voltage degradation associated with water management: Impacts, influent factors and characterization

Yousfi-Steiner

Moçotéguy

Candusso

et al. 2008

Journal of Power Sources

309

143

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Section: Polarization Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on PEM voltage degradation associated with water management: Impacts, influent factors and characterization

Yousfi-Steiner

Moçotéguy

Candusso

et al. 2008

Journal of Power Sources

309

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In the automatic control field, new observation [1,2], diagnosis [3,4,5] and control [6,7,8] techniques are being developed to improve the operating conditions of PEMFC systems. Temperature, gas concentrations, current density and water content in the different layers, among others, affect the performance of the electrochemical system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear observation in fuel cell systems: A comparison between disturbance estimation and High-Order Sliding-Mode techniques

Luna

Usai

Husar

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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This paper compares two Nonlinear Distributed Parameter Observers (NDPO) for the observation of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Both NDPOs are based on the discretisation of distributed parameters models and they are used to estimate the state profile of gas concentrations in the anode and cathode gas channels of the PEMFC, giving detailed information about the internal conditions of the system. The reaction and water transport flow rates from the membrane to the channels are uncertainties of the observation problem and they are estimated throughout all the length of the PEMFC without the use of additional sensors. The first observation approach is a Nonlinear Disturbance Observer (NDOB) for the estimation of the disturbances in the NDPO. In the second approach, a novel implementation of a High-Order Sliding-Mode (HOSM) observer is developed to estimate the true value of the states as well as the reaction terms. The proposed observers are tested and compared through a simulation example at different operating points and their performance and robustness is analysed over a given case study, the New European Driving Cycle.

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“…Water build-up can eventually lead to cell flooding and the formation of hotspots which can cause the formation of pin-holes, a major cause of FC failure [23]. The importance of anode and cathode purging has been highlighted in a number of publications [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Post-mortem open circuit voltage (OCV) monitoring has been used by several authors to identify failed cells within a stack, details of which have been used to characterise pinholes [22,23,32], whilst others have used segmented single cells to investigate differences in the current density in the presence of a pin-hole [13]. Commonly, small stacks of 5-18 cells are studied [33,34]; however, studies on automotive systems containing hundreds of cells are rarely reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time monitoring of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack failure

Parkes

Benedetti

et al. 2016

J Appl Electrochem

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Uneven pressure drops in a 75-cell 9.5-kWe proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with a U-shaped flow configuration have been shown to cause localised flooding. Condensed water then leads to localised cell heating, resulting in reduced membrane durability. Upon purging of the anode manifold, the resulting mechanical strain on the membrane can lead to the formation of a pin-hole/membrane crack and a rapid decrease in open circuit voltage due to gas crossover. This failure has the potential to cascade to neighbouring cells due to the bipolar plate coupling and the current density heterogeneities arising from the pin-hole/membrane crack. Reintroduction of hydrogen after failure results in cell voltage loss propagating from the pin-hole/membrane crack location due to reactant crossover from the anode to the cathode, given that the anode pressure is higher than the cathode pressure. Through these observations, it is recommended that purging is avoided when the onset of flooding is observed to prevent irreparable damage to the stack. Graphical AbstractKeywords Proton exchange membrane fuel cell Á Pin-hole Á Failure Á Flooding Á Purging Á Cell voltage monitoring

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Diagnosis methods dedicated to the localisation of failed cells within PEMFC stacks

Cited by 59 publications

References 25 publications

A review on PEM voltage degradation associated with water management: Impacts, influent factors and characterization

A review on PEM voltage degradation associated with water management: Impacts, influent factors and characterization

Nonlinear observation in fuel cell systems: A comparison between disturbance estimation and High-Order Sliding-Mode techniques

Real-time monitoring of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack failure

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