Diagnosis and management of pulmonary infection due to Rhodococcus equi

Lin, Weijie; Kruse, Robert L.; Yang, Katharine; Musher, Daniel M.

doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.033

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Furthermore, the tracheostomy related complications including subcutaneous emphysema, pulmonary infection, incision infection, block of arti cial tracheal cannula were diagnosed by two experienced staff worked in our hospital, all the specimen analysis were conducted in the laboratory of our hospital, the diagnosis criteria of pulmonary infection and incision infection were in comply with related guidelines [26][27][28]. And the incidence of readmission was also recorded.…”

Section: Outcome Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pattern of hospital-community-home (HCH) nursing in tracheostomy patients with severe traumatic brain injury: is it feasible?

Yin¹,

Wu²,

Zhou³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Tracheostomy is very common in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and long-term nursing care are needed for those patients. We aimed to evaluate the effects of hospital-community-home (HCH) nursing in those patients. Methods: Tracheostomy patients with severe TBI needing long-term care were included. All patients underwent two months long follow-up. Glasgow coma score (GCS), Karnofsky, Self-Anxiety Scale (SAS) (SAS) and Barthel assessment at the discharge and two months after discharge were evaluated. The tracheostomy related complications were recorded and compared.Results: A total of 60 patients were included. There weren’t significant differences between two groups in the GCS, Karnofsky, SAS and Barthel index at discharge((all p>0.05), the GCS, Karnofsky and Barthel index was all significantly increased after two months follow-up for two groups (all p<0.05), and the GCS, Karnofsky and Barthel index at two months follow-up in HCH group was significantly higher than that of control group(all p<0.05), but the SAS at two months follow-up in HCH group was significantly less than that of control group(p=0.009). The incidence of block of artificial tracheal cannula and readmission in HCH group were significant less than that of control group (all p<0.05).Conclusion: HCH nursing care is feasible in tracheostomy patients with severe TBI, future studies are needed to further evaluate the role of HCH nursing care.

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Section: Outcome Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pattern of hospital-community-home (HCH) nursing in tracheostomy patients with severe traumatic brain injury: is it feasible?

Yin¹,

Wu²,

Zhou³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…R. equi is also apathogen of humans, causing a pneumonia that radiographically and pathologically resembles pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), as well as extrapulmonary infections [7][8][9]. The majority of human cases manifest as pneumonia and occur in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with impaired cell mediated immunity due to HIV infection [10]or immunosuppression therapy related to organ transplantation [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of human cases manifest as pneumonia and occur in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with impaired cell mediated immunity due to HIV infection [10]or immunosuppression therapy related to organ transplantation [11]. However, a growing number of cases have been reported in immunocompetent humans, less than half of which develop pulmonary lesions [8,9].Over 50% of human infections are derived from porcine-or equineadapted strains, indicating that most human R. equi infections are zoonotic [10,12].Upon inhalation, R. equi survives and replicates within alveolar macrophages in a phagosomalcompartment that fails to mature into a lysosome, resulting in the establishment of theR. equicontaining vacuole.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The opportunistic intracellular bacterial pathogen Rhodococcus equi elicits type I interferon by engaging cytosolic DNA sensing in macrophages

et al. 2021

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Rhodococcusequi is a major cause of foal pneumonia and an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised humans. While alveolar macrophages constitute the primary replicative niche for R. equi, little is known about how intracellularR. equi is sensed by macrophages. Here, we discovered that that in addition to previously characterized pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Tnfa, Il6, Il1b), macrophages infected with R. equi induce a robust type I IFN response, including Ifnband interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), similar to the evolutionarily related pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Follow up studies using a combination of mammalian and bacterial genetics demonstrated that induction of this type I IFN expression program is largely dependent on the cGAS/STING/TBK1 axis of the cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, suggesting that R. equi perturbs the phagosomal membrane and causes DNA release into the cytosol following phagocytosis. Consistent with this, we found that a population of ~12% of R. equi phagosomes recruits the galectin-3,-8 and -9 danger receptors. Interestingly, neither phagosomal damage nor induction of type I IFN require the R. equi’s virulence-associated plasmid. Importantly, R. equi infection of both mice and foals stimulates ISG expression, in organs (mice) and circulating monocytes (foals). By demonstrating that R. equi activates cytosolic DNA sensing in macrophages and elicits type I IFN responses in animal models, our work provides novel insights into how R. equi engages the innate immune system and furthers our understanding how this zoonotic pathogen causes inflammation and disease.

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“…R. equi is also a pathogen of humans, causing a pneumonia that radiographically and pathologically resembles pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), as well as extrapulmonary infections (7)(8)(9). The majority of human cases manifest as pneumonia and occur in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with 1 Address correspondence to Robert Watson, robert.watson@tamu.edu impaired cell mediated immunity due to HIV infection (10) or immunosuppression therapy related to organ transplantation (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of human cases manifest as pneumonia and occur in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with 1 Address correspondence to Robert Watson, robert.watson@tamu.edu impaired cell mediated immunity due to HIV infection (10) or immunosuppression therapy related to organ transplantation (11). However, a growing number of cases have been reported in immunocompetent humans, less than half of which develop pulmonary lesions (8,9). Over 50% of human infections are derived from porcine-or equine-adapted strains, indicating that most human R. equi infections are zoonotic (10,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The opportunistic intracellular bacterial pathogen Rhodococcus equi elicits type I interferons by engaging cytosolic DNA sensing in macrophages

Vail

Silveira

Bell³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Rhodococcus equi is a major cause of foal pneumonia and an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised humans. While alveolar macrophages constitute the primary replicative niche for R. equi, little is known about how intracellular R. equi is sensed by macrophages. Here, we discovered that that in addition to previously characterized pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Tnfa, Il6, Il1b), macrophages infected with R. equi induce a robust type I IFN response, including Ifnb and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), similar to the evolutionarily related pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Follow up studies using a combination of mammalian and bacterial genetics, demonstrated that induction of this type I IFN expression program is largely dependent on the cGAS/STING/TBK1 axis of the cytosolic DNA surveillance pathway, suggesting that R. equi perturbs the phagosomal membrane and causes DNA release into the cytosol following phagocytosis. Consistent with this we found that a population of ~12% of R. equi phagosomes recruited the galectin-3, -8 and -9 danger receptors. Interesting, neither phagosomal damage nor induction of type I IFN required the R. equi's virulence-associated plasmid. Importantly, R. equi infection of both mice and foals stimulated ISG expression, in organs (mice) and circulating monocytes (foals). By demonstrating that R. equi activates cytosolic DNA sensing in macrophages and elicits type I IFN responses in animal models, our work provides novel insights into how R. equi engages the innate immune system and furthers our understanding how this zoonotic pathogen causes inflammation and disease.

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Diagnosis and management of pulmonary infection due to Rhodococcus equi

Cited by 54 publications

References 60 publications

The pattern of hospital-community-home (HCH) nursing in tracheostomy patients with severe traumatic brain injury: is it feasible?

The pattern of hospital-community-home (HCH) nursing in tracheostomy patients with severe traumatic brain injury: is it feasible?

The opportunistic intracellular bacterial pathogen Rhodococcus equi elicits type I interferon by engaging cytosolic DNA sensing in macrophages

The opportunistic intracellular bacterial pathogen Rhodococcus equi elicits type I interferons by engaging cytosolic DNA sensing in macrophages

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