Diagnosis and drug resistance of human soil-transmitted helminth infections: A public health perspective

Mutombo, Polydor Ngoy; Man, Nicola; Nejsum, Peter; Ricketson, Matthew; Gordon, Catherine A.; Robertson, Gemma; Clements, Archie C. A.; Chacón-Fonseca, Nathalie; Nissapatorn, Veeranoot; Webster, Joanne P.; McLaws, Mary‐Louise

doi:10.1016/bs.apar.2019.02.004

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 243 publications

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“…Worm eggs were examined using the Kato-Katz quantitative method. The total number of worm eggs is the number of worm eggs obtained multiplied by 24 equal to the number of worm eggs in 1 g of stool [16]. All demographic data were translated into frequency tables and presentations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Soil-transmitted Helminths Infection in Students of Klungkung, Bali, after Mass Treatment with AlbendazolePrevalence of Soil-transmitted Helminths Infection in Students of Klungkung, Bali, after Mass Treatment with Albendazole

Apsari

Swastika

Masyeni

2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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The success of the anti-helminth mass treatment use Albendazole makes detection of soil transmitted helminth infections even more difficult to do microscopically. It is hoped that the molecular method was able to help increase the detectability of Soil Transmitted Helminth infection. The research aimed is to evaluate effectiveness of Albendazole administration in Bali, to identify the presence of β-tubulin gene as molecular diagnosis of STHs infection among children who treated by Albendazole. This study is a cross-sectional study that recruits elementary school children aged 6-12 years as subjects. Stool examination was carried out using the Kato-Katz technique, then followed by a molecular method using the B-tubulin gene as the target gene. The results showed that only 1 sample out of 140 examined using Kato-Katz was positive for Trichuris trichiura. 30 samples were then extracted from the faeces and performed Polymerase Chain Reaction. A total of 4 positive samples detected the B-tubulin Ascaris lumbricoides gene and 1 positive sample of the B-tubulin Trichuris trichiura gene. In conclusion, albendazole is still effective to treat STH infection, the molecular method has a higher detectability than the microscopic method.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Soil-transmitted Helminths Infection in Students of Klungkung, Bali, after Mass Treatment with AlbendazolePrevalence of Soil-transmitted Helminths Infection in Students of Klungkung, Bali, after Mass Treatment with Albendazole

Apsari

Swastika

Masyeni

2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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“…Most of these infections are caused by roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides and Strongyloides stercoralis), whipworms (Trichuris trichiura) and hookworms (Necator americanus or Ancylostoma duodenale) [168]. The WHO has included Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale in its list of STH-caused NTDs [169]. Although each species has specific characteristics, the WHO groups STHs for control purposes in terms of similarity between geographically-defined endemic groups and the risk of becoming affected, treatment involving the same drugs, using the same tools for diagnosis and involving a similar mechanism having negative impact on human health [166].…”

Section: Soil-transmitted Helminthiases (Intestinal Worms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although each species has specific characteristics, the WHO groups STHs for control purposes in terms of similarity between geographically-defined endemic groups and the risk of becoming affected, treatment involving the same drugs, using the same tools for diagnosis and involving a similar mechanism having negative impact on human health [166]. These parasites are endemic in more than 100 countries [166], being more prevalent in developing regions in Africa, Asia and the Americas as well as being the most prevalent NTDs worldwide [169].…”

Section: Soil-transmitted Helminthiases (Intestinal Worms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This makes the LAMP technique a good option regarding less specialised infrastructure and equipment requirements, being cheaper and a test having greater specificity [169]; however, few approaches to date have involved using this technique (Table 17). This technique's validation and use will enable filling one of the gaps found in the WHO's 2017 guidelines concerning its recommendations about the need for new field diagnosis for detecting and treating target groups and monitoring the impact of preventative chemotherapy on morbidity and transmission [171].…”

Section: Soil-transmitted Helminthiases (Intestinal Worms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification as Point-of-Care Diagnosis for Neglected Parasitic Infections

Avendaño

Patarroyo

2020

IJMS

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The World Health Organisation (WHO) has placed twenty diseases into a group known as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), twelve of them being parasitic diseases: Chagas’ disease, cysticercosis/taeniasis, echinococcosis, food-borne trematodiasis, human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis (river blindness), schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis (ascariasis, hookworm, trichuriasis), guinea-worm and scabies. Such diseases affect millions of people in developing countries where one of the main problems concerning the control of these diseases is diagnosis-based due to the most affected areas usually being far from laboratories having suitable infrastructure and/or being equipped with sophisticated equipment. Advances have been made during the last two decades regarding standardising and introducing techniques enabling diagnoses to be made in remote places, i.e., the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. This technique’s advantages include being able to perform it using simple equipment, diagnosis made directly in the field, low cost of each test and the technique’s high specificity. Using this technique could thus contribute toward neglected parasite infection (NPI) control and eradication programmes. This review describes the advances made to date regarding LAMP tests, as it has been found that even though several studies have been conducted concerning most NPI, information is scarce for others.

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“…For so many years the formol ether concentration (FEC) and direct wet mount techniques are used as means to diagnose intestinal parasites [4] .However the direct wet mount technique is poorly sensitive in the diagnosis of less severe infections [5,6] , while the FEC technique is more sensitive [5,7] .Although the direct wet mount technique has been shown to have poor sensitivity, it is cheap, time saving, easy and fast to perform [8] . Consequently the direct wet mount technique remains the routine diagnostic method for helminthic and protozoal infections in Cameroon in particular and in Africa in RESEARCH ARTICLE general [6,9,10] .Other sensitive methods which include the kato-katz technique, antigen/antibody assays, FLOTAC and PCR, are not routinely used because of cost, inaccessibility and low sensitivity in low infections [7,8,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . On the other hand, the FEC technique was not only found to be sensitive, but also accessible [19] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of Direct Wet Mount Technique With Respect to Formol Ether Concentration Technique, at the Bamenda Regional Hospital

Nlinwe¹,

Kumla²

2020

IJMLR

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Intestinal parasites are neglected tropical diseases which still cause tremendous morbidity, despite recommendations for massive de worming by the world health organization. The direct wet mount technique has over the years been used as the routine method for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites in the current study area. Consequently, it is essential to evaluate its diagnostic performance in relation to a more sensitive but rarely used technique. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the performance of wet mount technique with respect to the formol ether concentration technique. Out of the 212 examined patients, 06.60% (14/212) and 16.98% (36/212) tested positive by direct wet mount and formol ether concentration techniques respectively. The following intestinal parasites were diagnosed; Gardia lamblia, Entamoeba coli, Entamoebahistolytica, Isosporabustchli, Fasciola hepatica, Enterobiusvermicularis and Hookworm. There was a significant [P=0.0424]difference between the test results by both techniques. Thekappa values between both techniques was lower for the diagnosis of helminthic than for protozoan infections. Therefore, the formol ether concentration technique should be used to complement the routine direct wet mount technique in the study area.

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Diagnosis and drug resistance of human soil-transmitted helminth infections: A public health perspective

Cited by 19 publications

References 243 publications

Prevalence of Soil-transmitted Helminths Infection in Students of Klungkung, Bali, after Mass Treatment with AlbendazolePrevalence of Soil-transmitted Helminths Infection in Students of Klungkung, Bali, after Mass Treatment with Albendazole

Prevalence of Soil-transmitted Helminths Infection in Students of Klungkung, Bali, after Mass Treatment with AlbendazolePrevalence of Soil-transmitted Helminths Infection in Students of Klungkung, Bali, after Mass Treatment with Albendazole

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification as Point-of-Care Diagnosis for Neglected Parasitic Infections

Performance Evaluation of Direct Wet Mount Technique With Respect to Formol Ether Concentration Technique, at the Bamenda Regional Hospital

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