Diabetic Vasculopathy: Macro and Microvascular Injury

Mota, Roberto; Morgan, Samuel E; Bahnson, Edward Moreira

doi:10.1007/s40139-020-00205-x

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that can lead to microvascular and macrovascular complications [ 1 ]. Long-term microvascular complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, chronic kidney disease, and macrovascular complications such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), contribute greatly to the morbidity and mortality of patients with type 2 diabetes [ 2 ]. In Taiwan, the prevalence of large-vessel disease (LVD) in DM versus non-diabetic patients has been reported to be 20% and 12.9%, respectively [ 3 ]; moreover, 15.8%, 2.5%, and 1.7% of those DM patients had ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and leg vessel disease, respectively [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban–Rural Disparities in the Incidence of Diabetes-Related Complications in Taiwan: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

Tai

Kuo

et al. 2020

JCM

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Although a disparity has been noted in the prevalence and outcome of chronic disease between rural and urban areas, studies about diabetes-related complications are lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between urbanization and occurrence of diabetes-related complications using Taiwan’s nationwide diabetic mellitus database. In total, 380,474 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes between 2000 and 2008 were included and followed up until 2013 or death; after propensity score matching, 31,310 pairs were included for analysis. Occurrences of seven diabetes-related complications of interest were identified. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the time-to-event hazard ratio (HR) among urban, suburban and rural groups. We found that the HRs of all cardiovascular events during the five-year follow-up was 1.04 times (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.07) and 1.15 times (95% CI 1.12–1.19) higher in suburban and rural areas than in urban areas. Patients in suburban and rural areas had a greater likelihood of congestive heart failure, stroke, and end-stage renal disease than those in urban areas. Moreover, patients in rural areas had a higher likelihood of ischemic heart disease, blindness, and ulcer than those in urban areas. Our empirical findings provide evidence for potential urban–rural disparities in diabetes-related complications in Taiwan.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban–Rural Disparities in the Incidence of Diabetes-Related Complications in Taiwan: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

Tai

Kuo

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…Patients with type 2 diabetes are particularly at risk of vascular injury. In many patients with diabetes, their cholesterol and triglycerides reach dangerously high levels and accumulate in the lumens of their vascular system [ 76 ].…”

Section: Common Complications Of Diabetes Mellitus and Application Of Nanotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology in the Treatment of Diabetic Complications: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Al-Mureish

2021

Journal of Diabetes Research

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In today’s society, the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus and its subsequent complications have brought trouble to human beings. Complications caused by diabetes bring not only physical and mental pain to patients but also a heavy economic burden to families. And once diabetic complications occur, they are often irreversible and very difficult. At present, some studies suggest that nanotechnology can treat some diabetic complications. This paper reviews the application of nanotechnology in the repair of diabetic segmental bone injury, the healing of diabetic skin ulcers, the therapeutic effect, and improvement strategies and deficiencies of nanotechnology in diabetic complications.

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“…It is also evident that these two factors have a strong relation with diabetes. Most of the diabetic complications are due to the macro and microvascular injury, that in turn affect the hemodynamic factors ( 39 ). On the other hand, in diabetes the production of mitochondrial ROS plays a huge role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the development of its complications ( 40 ).…”

Section: Cardiorenal Syndrome In Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Approaches in Diabetes-Induced Cardiorenal Syndromes

Ammar

Nahlawi

Shayya

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Immunomodulatory approaches are defined as all interventions that modulate and curb the immune response of the host rather than targeting the disease itself with the aim of disease prevention or treatment. A better understanding of the immune system continues to offer innovative drug targets and methods for immunomodulatory interventions. Cardiorenal syndrome is a clinical condition that defines disorders of the heart and kidneys, both of which communicate with one another through multiple pathways in an interdependent relationship. Cardiorenal syndrome denotes the confluence of heart-kidney relationships across numerous interfaces. As such, a dysfunctional heart or kidney has the capacity to initiate disease in the other organ via common hemodynamic, neurohormonal, immunological, and/or biochemical feedback pathways. Understanding how immunomodulatory approaches are implemented in diabetes-induced cardiovascular and renal diseases is important for a promising regenerative medicine, which is the process of replacing cells, tissues or organs to establish normal function. In this article, after a brief introduction on the immunomodulatory approaches in diseases, we will be reviewing the epidemiology and classifications of cardiorenal syndrome. We will be emphasizing on the hemodynamic factors and non-hemodynamic factors linking the heart and the kidneys. In addition, we will be elaborating on the immunomodulatory pathways involved in diabetes-induced cardiorenal syndrome namely, RAS, JAK/STAT, and oxidative stress. Moreover, we will be addressing possible therapeutic approaches that target the former pathways in an attempt to modulate the immune system.

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Diabetic Vasculopathy: Macro and Microvascular Injury

Cited by 40 publications

References 164 publications

Urban–Rural Disparities in the Incidence of Diabetes-Related Complications in Taiwan: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

Urban–Rural Disparities in the Incidence of Diabetes-Related Complications in Taiwan: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

Nanotechnology in the Treatment of Diabetic Complications: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Immunomodulatory Approaches in Diabetes-Induced Cardiorenal Syndromes

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