Diabetic foot ulcer, antimicrobial remedies and emerging strategies for the treatment

Abstract

According to the International Diabetes Federation's 2015 study, diabetes affects over 415 million people globally (5 million of whom die each year), and the incidence of diabetes is expected to climb to over 640 million (1 in 10) by 2040. (IDF 2015). Diabetes foot ulcers (DFU) are one of the most significant diabetic health consequences. Antimicrobial treatments, such as dressings, topical therapies, medicines, drugs, debridement procedures, molecular, cellular, and gene therapies, plant extracts, antimicrobial peptides, growth factors, devices, ozone, and energy-based therapies, would be the focus of this study. Scopus, Web of Science, Bentham Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were among the sources used to compile the English-language publications on DFU. DFU treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes the use of proper diagnostic tools, competence, and experience. To prevent amputations, this starts with patient education and the use of new categories to steer treatment. New diagnostic methods, such as the 16S ribosomal DNA sequence in bacteria, should become available to acquire a better knowledge of the microbiota in DFUs.

Application of extracorporeal shockwave therapy to improve microcirculation in diabetic foot ulcers: A prospective study

“…[38] In many patients with DFU, a decrease in vasodilators (i.e., nitric oxide) induces endothelial cell dysfunction, which in turn leads to decreased microcirculation. [39] However, the application of ESWT is known to increase the activity of angiogenesis and tissue regeneration markers, such as von Willebrand factor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, vascular endothelial growth factor, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and epidermal growth factor. [24,40,41] Therefore, the beneficial effect of ESWT increases microcirculation to the diabetic wound site and can also reduce ischemic conditions.…”

With Aging, Obesity, And Hypothyroidism, Can GERD Lead to A Large Hiatal Hernia?

“…Given these possible differential diagnoses that were disregarded, the diagnosis of a hiatal hernia was confirmed. Hiatal hernia usually presents with the classic presentation of abdominal discomfort with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) [13,14] . With heartburn, some also experience chronic cough.…”

Immunostimulators through natural sources: an enormous global demand for new effective therapies

“…Multiple sclerosis, Epstein-Barr, Graves' disease, cystic fibrosis, and some forms of renal illnesses, as well as asthma, anaemia, and allergies, are all examples of severe immune deficiency disease [8].…”

“…• To treat a range of illnesses, such as myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and ulcerative colitis, which though not fully understood, are thought to have an essential autoimmune component in their pathophysiology. [8] • Selected immunosuppression to protect new-borns against Rh haemolytic illness.…”