Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: The Clinical Pattern and Complications in 1,000 Patients

Famuyiwa, Olufunsho; Sulimani, Riad A.; Laajam, Mohammed A.; Al-Jasser, Saleh J.; Mekki, Mohammed O.

doi:10.5144/0256-4947.1992.140

Cited by 22 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The prevalence of proteinuria is higher in this study than that reported by Fatani et al 18 and Famuyiwa et al 19 and this is because both investigators studied diabetic nephropathy as part of a global evaluation of all complications of diabetes. Fatani et al used dipstick positivity as their definition of diabetic nephropathy, which could be affected by the concentration of urine since diluted urine may test negative.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…This is similar to what has been observed in several cross-sectional studies. 11,19,30 Other studies, the majority of them in IDDM patients, have shown that the control of systemic blood pressure and, in particular, the reduction in the intraglomerular pressure is the major factor for preventing and halting the rate of decline in glomerular filtration rate in addition to reduction of albuminuria. 31 -35 We did not find a good correlation between degree of proteinuria and diabetic control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They defined diabetic nephropathy as persistently positive Albustix in the absence of other causes of proteinuria. The other study was done by Famuyiwa et al 19 who reviewed the clinical files of 1000 NIDDM and IDDM of different age groups and found that 18.2% of the NIDDM had 24-hour proteinuria of more than 500 mg or persistently positive Albustix test in the absence of other renal disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Pattern of Diabetic Nephropathy Among Saudi Patients with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Huraib

Abu‐Aisha²,

Sulimani³

et al. 1995

Ann Saudi Med

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There were no studies on the different stages of diabetic nephropathy in Saudi Arabia, particularly the earliest stages. We have therefore investigated the frequency of occurrence of varying degrees of proteinuria including microalbuminuria in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) Saudi patients as well as the correlation of varying degrees of proteinuria with other diabetic complications and risk factors. One hundred and twenty-five NIDDM patients were studied. Fifty-seven were males and 68 were females. Their mean age was 49.8 ± 10 years with a mean duration of diabetes of 9.48 ± 6 years. The mean of HbAlc was 10.3 ± 2.6%, serum creatinine was 76.7 ± 23 mmol/L, creatinine clearance 94.3 mL/min, glomerular filtration rate 129.7 ± 44 and effective renal plasma flow was 496.5 ± 153. The pattern of proteinuria group was as follows: nephrotic range proteinuria 5.6%, clinical proteinuria 30.4%, microalbuminuria 16.8%. Hypertension and retinopathy were present in 36.8% and 37% of the patients respectively. A significant correlation was found between the presence of hypertension, duration of diabetes and development of diabetic nephropathy. Similarly, a significant correlation was found between retinopathy and the degree of proteinuria. In conclusion, the pattern of diabetic nephropathy in the Saudi NIDDM patients is similar to that in the Western world. Hypertension and duration of diabetes mellitus are important risk factors in the development of diabetic nephropathy. There is a good correlation between retinopathy and the degree of proteinuria. Ann Saudi Med 1995;15(2):120-124.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Pattern of Diabetic Nephropathy Among Saudi Patients with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Huraib

Abu‐Aisha²,

Sulimani³

et al. 1995

Ann Saudi Med

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“…[2][3][4][5][6] Compared to complications in the peripheral nervous system, long-term diabetic complications in the central nervous system are relatively subtle and occur more frequently than is believed. Diabetes literature is replete with information on the vascular complications of neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease, but little information is available on the cerebrovascular disease in diabetic patients.…”

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confidence: 99%

Profile of Neurological Problems in Diabetes Mellitus: Retrospective Analysis of Data from 1294 Patients

et al. 1997

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Data from 1294 patients with diabetes mellitus admitted to the Endocrinology Department of the Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, from 1986 to 1994, were analyzed for frequency of various neurological problems. Of 1294 patients, 46.29% had clinical evidence of one or more neurological problems. The frequency of neurological problems was significantly more in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (P<0.001). Predominant neurological problems included peripheral neuropathy (96.66%), stroke (5.51%), Parkinsonism (1.50%), seizure disorder (1.17%) and dementia (1% Diabetes mellitus (DM) constitutes a growing concern to the population of the world, predominantly because of the devastating effects of its chronic complications. So common and so definite are the chances of developing certain complications during the course of this "lifelong" disease that some of them have been regarded as "consequences" rather than complications.1 Major long-term complications of diabetes are neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy and angiopathy. Peripheral neuropathy (PNP) is the most common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus and can involve almost any peripheral nerve. It is a major cause of morbidity among these patients. 1,2Estimates of prevalence of diabetic PNP vary widely, between 10% to 100%. [2][3][4][5][6] Compared to complications in the peripheral nervous system, long-term diabetic complications in the central nervous system are relatively subtle and occur more frequently than is believed. Diabetes literature is replete with information on the vascular complications of neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease, but little information is available on the cerebrovascular disease in diabetic patients. This is surprising because diabetic patients have a two-to sixfold increased risk of thromboembolic strokes than the nondiabetic population, and strokerelated mortality and morbidity are increasing in the diabetic population. [6][7][8][9][10] In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the data from 1294 patients with DM, for various neurological problems (NP), with particular reference to PNP and strokes. This study was conducted with the particular purpose of finding the pattern of NP in the diabetic population in a developing part of the world, where health care systems are nowhere near optimal. Subjects and MethodsThe medical records of 1294 patients with DM admitted to the endocrine division of the Institute of Medical Science (IMS), Srinagar, Kashmir (India), were screened for NP. Out of these, 167 patients had type I DM, 1087 patients had type II DM, and 40 were documented to have fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD). Patients with gestational diabetes, secondary causes of hyperglycemia (i.e., Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly, drugs, etc.) and those whose records were inadequate or diagnosis was not satisfactorily made, were excluded from the study. The definitions and terms used during the analysis of the patient records are as follows: 1) Admission:...

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“…A recent study of 1000 patients with DM cared for at our institution showed only 40% to be on insulin treatment. 19 In addition, inpatient ophthalmological services are rendered to our diabetic population at another facility, hence contributing to a lower occupancy rate. Table 4 shows a comparison of our results with those two studies that are similar in design to ours and reported from Tanzania 6 and Denmark, 5 representing developing and developed nations respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospitalization Patterns of Diabetic Patients: A Six Year Experience at King Khalid University Hospital

Al-Maatouq¹

1994

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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To determine the pattern of hospitalization of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), the computer stored data on admission with DM as the primary or secondary diagnosis to King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia over six years (1986 to 1991) were analyzed. There were 3037 admissions of 2299 patients with diabetes mellitus (2.6% of all hospital admissions), occupying 33,253 hospital bed days (3.5% of all hospitalization days). Twenty-four percent of admissions were recurrent, 4% were frequent (more than once a year) and 6% were prolonged (more than four weeks). DM was the primary diagnosis in 39%, secondary to other illness in 47% and related to diabetes in pregnancy in 14%. Diabetes-related admissions contributed 54% of all hospital bed-days used by patients with DM and were for acute metabolic complications (and hence potentially avoidable) in only 10.6% of these admissions. These patients spent an average 3.26 days per year in hospital, which is double the published expected rates. Pregnancy-related admissions of females with diabetes are short in duration. When diabetes is a secondary diagnosis, the reasons for admission are mostly related to degenerative diseases similar to those in the nondiabetic population. Patients admitted to KKUH with DM are more likely to stay longer and be admitted more often than when DM is a secondary diagnosis. The majority of diabetes-related admissions are nonacute and potentially avoidable. Identification of risk factors for and prevention of lengthy recurrent admissions should be a priority in health care resource allocation.

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Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: The Clinical Pattern and Complications in 1,000 Patients

Cited by 22 publications

References 17 publications

The Pattern of Diabetic Nephropathy Among Saudi Patients with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

The Pattern of Diabetic Nephropathy Among Saudi Patients with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Profile of Neurological Problems in Diabetes Mellitus: Retrospective Analysis of Data from 1294 Patients

Hospitalization Patterns of Diabetic Patients: A Six Year Experience at King Khalid University Hospital

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