Diabetes Melitus Tipe-1 pada Anak: Situasi di Indonesia dan Tata Laksana

Abstract

Insidens Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Tipe-1 pada anak di dunia dan Indonesia terus meningkat. Berdasarkan data Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI), tercatat 1220 dengan DM tipe-1 pada tahun 2018. Kesadaran masyarakat dan tenaga kesehatan mengenai DM pada anak masih rendah, yang direfleksikan melalui tingginya angka anak yang terdiagnosis dengan DM tipe-1 saat mengalami ketoasidosis diabetikum mencapai 71% pada tahun 2017. Berdasarkan pedoman IDAI, terdapat lima pilar penanganan DM tipe-1 pada anak: injeksi insulin, pemantauan gula darah, nutrisi, aktivitas fisik, dan edukasi. IDAI merekomendasikan insulin minimal dua kali per hari menggunakan insulin basal dan kerja cepat. Pemantauan gula darah mandiri dilakukan minimal 4-6 kali per hari. Keterlibatan pemegang kebijakan, termasuk pemerintah, dan dukungan masyarakat dibutuhkan agar anak dengan DM tipe 1 tertangani dengan baik.

The Relationship between Glycated Hemoglobin Levels and the Quality of Life among Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children

“…The incidence of DM has continued to increase in recent years. The incidence of T1DM in children and adolescents based on data from the IDAI has increased about seven times in the last 10 years with the number of diabetes mellitus cases throughout Indonesia as many as 1220 children in 2018 [4].…”

“…The incidence of T1DM in children and adolescents based on data from the Indonesian Pediatrician Association (IDAI) has increased about sevenfold in the last 10 years with the number of T1DM sufferers throughout Indonesia as many as 1220 children in 2018. The prevalence of DM cases based on data from the 2018 Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) shows an increase to 8.5% [4], [5].…”

Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children: experience in Indonesia

“…Serum blood glucose and HbA1c examinations are covered by the national insurance, but not C-peptide and GAD antibody/ICA. Hence, T1DM diagnosis in children in Indonesia is often delayed (48).…”

The Benefits of Carbohydrate Counting in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus : A Scoping Review

“…Calculation of the ideal insulin requirement based on measurement of blood glucose before and after meals and at night 2,12,13 . Determination was calculated individually on target blood glucose, ICR and ISF 14 .…”