Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs second study (DAWN2™): Cross‐national benchmarking of diabetes‐related psychosocial outcomes for people with diabetes

Abstract

Aims The second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) study aimed to assess psychosocial outcomes in people with diabetes across countries for benchmarking.Methods Surveys included new and adapted questions from validated questionnaires that assess health-related quality of life, self-management, attitudes/beliefs, social support and priorities for improving diabetes care. Questionnaires were conducted online, by telephone or in person.Results Participants were 8596 adults with diabetes across 17 countries. There were significant between-country differences for all benchmarking indicators; no one country's outcomes were consistently better or worse than others. The proportion with likely depression [WHO-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5) score ≤ 28] was 13.8% (country range 6.5-24.1%). Diabetes-related distress [Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale 5 (PAID-5) score ≥ 40] was reported by 44.6% of participants (17.2-67.6%). Overall quality of life was rated 'poor' or 'very poor' by 12.2% of participants (7.6-26.1%). Diabetes had a negative impact on all aspects investigated, ranging from 20.5% on relationship with family/friends to 62.2% on physical health. Approximately 40% of participants (18.6-64.9%) reported that their medication interfered with their ability to live a normal life. The availability of person-centred chronic illness care and support for active involvement was rated as low. Following self-care advice for medication and diet was most common, and least common for glucose monitoring and foot examination, with marked country variation. Only 48.8% of respondents had participated in diabetes educational programmes/activities to help manage their diabetes.Conclusions Cross-national benchmarking using psychometrically validated indicators can help identify areas for improvement and best practices to drive changes that improve outcomes for people with diabetes.

Quality of life and proactive coping with stress in a group of middle adulthood women with type 2 diabetes

“…Anderson, Freedland, Clouse, Lustman, 2001;Nicolucci et al, 2013;Makara-Studzińska, Partyka, Ziemecki, Ziemecka, Andrzejewska, 2013), and the level of symptoms in comparison to healthy individuals is higher in the case of individuals with diabetes (e.g. Mućko, Kokoszka & Skłodowska, 2005;Nicolucci et al, 2013;Kalka, 2014). The current analyses do not include this variable, but it will be included in further analyses of this group.…”

“…Studies found in the literature show that in the group of patients with type 2 diabetes a substancial proportion of patients suffer from depression (e.g. Anderson, Freedland, Clouse, Lustman, 2001;Nicolucci et al, 2013;Makara-Studzińska, Partyka, Ziemecki, Ziemecka, Andrzejewska, 2013), and the level of symptoms in comparison to healthy individuals is higher in the case of individuals with diabetes (e.g. Mućko, Kokoszka & Skłodowska, 2005;Nicolucci et al, 2013;Kalka, 2014).…”

Household composition and psychological health: Results of the Second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) study

“…The population comprised 8,596 people with diabetes (1,368 with type 1 diabetes and 7,228 with type 2 diabetes), with approximately 500 from each country (80 and 420 with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes respectively). The population, design, methodology and validated measures of the DAWN2 study have been thoroughly described in previous publications [16,17]. [18] and Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale 5 (PAID-5) composite score [19].Worry of hypoglycaemia was measured as the percentage of participants reporting "mainly agree" or "fully agree" that they worry about hypoglycaemic events and percentage of participants reporting "mainly agree" or "fully agree" that they worry about night-time hypoglycaemia.…”

“…Diabetes empowerment was measured by the Diabetes Empowerment Scale-DAWN short form (DES-DSF) composite score ranging from 0 (not empowered) to 100 (maximum empowerment) [17]. DES-DSF focuses on the participants´ capability to manage their own diabetes and engage in activities to improve care for other people with diabetes, measured by five questions e.g., "you seek out the information you need to manage your diabetes".…”

Health enhancing coping as a mediator in relationships of positive emotionality and cognitive curiosity with quality of life among type 2 diabetes patients

“…This stress is generated by both difficulties stemming from many limitations dictated by the disease, which entail lifestyle changes, and awareness of the possibility of the occurrence of future secondary difficulties concerning the somatic and psychological domains. According to research by DAWN 2 (Diabetic Attitudes, Wishes and Needs), 56.7% of diabetics in Poland suffer from severe stress connected with their disease (Nicolucci et al, 2013). Thus, it is crucial to be able to cope with emerging difficulties.…”