Diabetes and Associated Variables in the South Australian Aboriginal

Wise, P. H.; Edwards, F. M.; Craig, Robert J.; Evans, Barry J.; Murchland, J. B.; Sutherland, Billie Brooke; Thomas, David W.

doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.1976.tb03653.x

Cited by 54 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hyperinsulinaemia is well documented in a number of populations which now exhibit high Type 2 diabetes prevalence rates. These include the Pima Indians [1], Nauruans [65] and Australian aborigines [66]. Thus, 'down regulation' of the insulin receptor in the face of persistent hyperinsulinaemia may create a vicious circle whereby the B cells eventually fail in the face of loss of insulin sensitivity and the production of insulin resistance.…”

Section: Genetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ? An epidemiological overview

1982

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary.Despite the use of a wide range of different methodologies and diagnostic criteria, epidemiological studies have shown that Type 2 (non-insulindependent) diabetes has a global distribution and its prevalence varies from country to country, in different ethnic groups in the same country, and between the same ethnic group undergoing internal or external migration. Rural-urban and migration studies indicate that change towards a 'Westernized' lifestyle is associated with a dramatic increase in the prevalence rates for Type 2 diabetes. Between populations, comparisons are confounded by a wide range of different ascertainment rates, survey methodologies, and diagnostic criteria for diabetes. However, low prevalence rates for Type 2 diabetes are seen in Eskimos and populations of the Far East, while the highest are seen in American Indians, urbanized Pacific Island populations, and migrant Asian Indians. Available evidence suggests that these latter groups have a genetic susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes ('diabetes genotype') and that the disease is unmasked by environmental factors. There appears to be a spectrum of interaction between genetic and environmental factors -in certain populations the genetic role may be more important than environmental, or vice versa. Epidemiological studies, apart from their value in population screenings and case-finding, have contributed to the new classification and diagnostic criteria for diabetes and our understanding of risk factors and host characteristics in the aetiology of Type 2 diabetes.

show abstract

Section: Genetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ? An epidemiological overview

1982

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…umerous reports have documented the high prevalence of obesity, diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), dyslipidemia, hypertension, and smoking in many Australian Aboriginal communities (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). In the Northern Territory Aboriginal population, coronary mortality is increasing (6) in association with higher prevalence rates of diabetes, a situation parallel to that in remote North American Indian communities (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and no change in prevalence of diabetes despite increasing BMI among Aboriginal people from a group of remote homeland communities.

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE -To examine trends in glucose tolerance and coronary risk among Aboriginal people from a group of homeland communities in central Australia during a 7-year follow-up period.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Community-based screenings of adult volunteers were performed in 1988 (n = 437; 93% response rate) and in 1995 (n = 424; 85% response rate). A health promotion intervention program commenced after the 1988 survey that focused on the benefits of exercise and appropriate diet.RESULTS -Mean (95% CI) BMI increased significantly from 22.8 kg/m 2 (22.3-23.2) to 24.2 kg/m 2 (23.8-24.7) during the follow-up period (P Ͻ 0.001). This increase was similar for men and women and across all age-groups. The increase in BMI was greater among subjects residing adjacent to a store compared with those residing in communities located far from a store (P Ͻ 0.001). Decreases were evident in the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (from 22.5 to 10.1% among women, P Ͻ 0.001; from 12.2 to 6.5% among men, P = 0.074) and hypercholesterolemia (from 36.7 to 25.8% among women, P Ͻ 0.01; from 52.4 to 44.0% among men, P = 0.147), but no change was evident in the prevalence of diabetes. Smoking remained rare among women (Ͻ4%) and decreased among men (from 52.9 to 40.8%, P Ͻ 0.05).CONCLUSIONS -The trends in glucose intolerance were clearly better than have been observed in other Aboriginal communities. The institution of an intervention program corresponded with reductions in the prevalence of IGT, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking. The prevalence of diabetes remained unaltered despite a significant increase in mean BMI, possibly because of the promotion of increased physical activity levels.

show abstract

“…H igh diabetes prevalence rates have been reported in a number of different populations of Australian Aborigines when they westernize (1)(2)(3). These surveys have been conducted primarily on coastal or island communities around Australia [south Australia (1), northwest Australia (2), Torres Strait Islands (3)].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Hyperinsulinemia, and Hypertriglyceridemia in Australian Aborigines From the Desert

et al. 1988

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A cross section of adult full-blooded Aborigines from three small isolated communities in the desert region of northwest Australia was surveyed for diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), insulin levels, and lipoprotein lipids. Sixty-three men and 86 women from a total adult population of 330 were tested. Of the people tested, 67.6% had normal glucose tolerance, 25% had IGT, and 7.4% had diabetes. Both diabetes and IGT were strongly age related. Fasting insulin levels and insulin responses to oral glucose (elevation above basal) were elevated. Although fasting insulin rose with age, insulin response did not rise after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). Plasma triglyceride levels were high, particularly in men greater than 35 yr old (3.13 +/- 0.32 mM), but cholesterol levels were not elevated. Multiple regression analysis of fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, plasma triglyceride, fasting insulin, and insulin response for the nondiabetic subjects revealed 1) BMI was an independent risk factor for elevated 2-h glucose levels in women but not in men and was strongly related to fasting insulin concentrations in both genders; 2) fasting insulin concentration was an independent risk factor for increases in fasting glucose, insulin response, and triglyceride levels; 3) insulin response was related to the 2-h glucose level; 4) fasting and 2-h glucose levels and fasting insulin and triglyceride concentrations all rose with age in both genders, with the rate of increase generally greater in men. The most striking difference between these desert Aborigines and previously studied coastal Aborigines from the same geographical region was the significantly higher insulin response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

show abstract

Diabetes and Associated Variables in the South Australian Aboriginal

Cited by 54 publications

References 17 publications

Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ? An epidemiological overview

Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes ? An epidemiological overview

Reduced prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and no change in prevalence of diabetes despite increasing BMI among Aboriginal people from a group of remote homeland communities.

Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Hyperinsulinemia, and Hypertriglyceridemia in Australian Aborigines From the Desert

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About