Devices and pressure sources for administration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm neonates

High-Flow Oxygen Therapy: Pressure Analysis in a Pediatric Airway Model

“…16 Studies performed in adults have reported maximum pressures in the esophagus of 2.9 cm H 2 O with 20 L/min, 5.3 cm H 2 O with 50 L/min, and 7.4 cm H 2 O with 60 L/ min. 12,22 Nasopharyngeal airway pressures of 1.93 Ϯ 1.25, 2.58 Ϯ 1.54, and 3.31 Ϯ 1.05 cm H 2 O with the mouth closed were generated at 30, 40, and 50 L/min, respectively. 23 The maximum pressures found in our study were between 3 and 4 cm H 2 O.…”

“…24 More recently, nasal prongs are being used as an interface for the administration of high-flow oxygen therapy in adults (Optiflow, Fisher & Paykel, New Zealand), and a number of studies provide evidence of their efficacy for administering high and stable oxygen concentrations and a lowmoderate continuous positive pressure with high flow rates, with good tolerability. 12,20,22,25 In our center we use these prongs to administer noninvasive ventilation in children, with good results. 26 The mechanism through which high-flow oxygen therapy acts is not fully understood.…”

Comparison of HFNC, bubble CPAP and SiPAP on aerosol delivery in neonates: An in‐vitro study

“…A meta-analysis intervention review was conducted by De Paoli, Davis, Faber, and Morley (2008) to identify the most efficient pressure generator and nasal interface for the delivery of NCPAP, reducing the need for additional respiratory support in premature infants. In their review, they only included randomized or quasi-randomized studies that compared a variety of systems of NCPAP pressure sources and/or nasal interfaces in premature infants.…”

Work of breathing using high-flow nasal cannula in preterm infants

“…Nasal continuous airway pressure (NCPAP) is used to support those infants with mild-tomoderate respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), those who have been extubated after treatment for RDS, those experiencing apnea of prematurity and those with other forms of respiratory distress soon after birth. 1 Its success has been attributed not only to respiratory support without the need for intubation 2 but also prevention of reintubation. 3 Recently, the Vapotherm 2000i device (VAPO; Vapotherm Inc., Stevensville, MD) was introduced as a high-flow nasal cannula system (HFNC) with high humidity, providing respiratory support to neonates.…”