Device and materials for in vitro evaluation of forces developed to teeth and periodontal structures during dental practices

Abstract

This study aimed at providing a gauge device (Ekontak et al Gauge K-Device) in order to analyze the forces applied to teeth and periodontal tissues during dental practices in vitro. This force gauge device can be used in the investigation of the possible defect generation to tooth structures when overloaded forces are applied during dental procedures in vitro. Ekontak et al Gauge K-Device consists of three units: the specimen’s holder, a high-performance digital force gauge, and the support frame. The holder was fabricated by an Al alloy providing a steady detachable attachment between the specimens and the force gauge’s pin connector. The clinical simulation was achieved with the use of a proper silicone material, selected to provide similar elastic behavior with the human periodontal ligament and to join the teeth inside a solid matrix of an acrylic resin. The digital force gauge is a high-speed collection and recording (1000 Hz) product coupled with data recording software. The forces developed to 15 specimens’ root canals during lateral condensation and vertical compaction of cold gutta-percha obturation procedures were monitored, saved as graphs, CSV, and excel files and presented over time. The forces developed during vertical compaction (mean maximum force per obturation circle = 13.22 N) were more excessive than those during lateral condensation (mean maximum force per obturation circle = 10.14 N). In conclusion, Ekontak et al Gauge K-Device is provided as a modern gauge device, capable of performing clinical simulation in vitro, under the terms of its protocol.

Influence of periodontal ligament simulation on bond strength and fracture resistance of roots restored with fiber posts

“…In the present study, polyether and addition silicone were used to reproduce the periodontal ligament, consistent with other studies performing simulation and using similar elastomeric materials 10 , 11 , 26 , 27 . However, current literature lacks a standardized protocol, and as a result, a wide range of materials, such as condensation silicone 23 , addition silicone 7 , 22 , polysulfide 26 , polyurethane 26 , 28 and an industrial rubber material 20 have been used, as well as other consistencies of the elastomers used in the present study 1 , 26 , 27 . Furthermore, several studies did not indicate the viscosity of the material used 10 , 13 , 25 , while others failed to clearly identify the material comprising the artificial periodontal ligament 2 .…”

Evaluation of dentinal defect formation after root canal preparation with two reciprocating systems and hand instruments: anin vitrostudy

“…Furthermore, various materials have been used to mimic stress distribution mechanisms. [ 5 , 10 , 24 , 25 ] Soros et al [ 26 ] stated that elastomeric materials are insufficient to represent exactly both the natural PDL and what may be possible in a clinical situation. There are some studies which have used PDL simulation in experimental steps performed after root canal preparation.…”

Mechanical and thermal stress evaluation of PEEK prefabricated post with different head design in endodontically treated tooth: 3D-finite element analysis

“…In general, all systems of the study show similar behaviors concerning the distribution of stress on each component of the model, and the effect of type of post was significant on the component of the model from the crown until cementum, while the type of post did not influence periodontal ligament and the maxillary bone. This is due to the property of the periodontal ligament, as it contributes to the attenuation of any stresses 80,81) . Furthermore, the position and magnitude of stress concentration in the post-dentin interface are very important as it determines the position of future crack progression in dentin shifting the fracture pattern towards repairable fractures is a well-known phenomenon when the position of maximum stress is located above the level of the bone 7,8) .…”