Deviations of body functions and structure, activity limitations, and participation restrictions of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health model in children with cystic fibrosis and non–cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis

Abstract

Background To the best of our knowledge, there is no study in the literature investigating the extrapulmonary outcomes of children with non–cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis and CF under the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the children with CF and non‐CF bronchiectasis using the ICF model. Materials and Methods Children with CF, non‐CF bronchiectasis, and healthy counterparts were evaluated (20 participants in each group) according to the ICF items in domain b (body functions), domain s (body structures), and domain d (activities and participation). The pulmonary functions, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength tests, and posture analysis were carried out for domain b. For domain d, however, the Glittre‐activities of daily living test and Pediatric Outcome Data Collection were used. Results Muscle strength of shoulder abductors and hip extensors in children with CF was significantly lower than healthy children and adolescents (P < .05). The severity of lateral and posterior postural abnormalities in children with CF and non‐CF bronchiectasis was higher than those of healthy children (P < .05). Among the patient groups, global function, sports/physical function, expectations, transfers/basic mobility, and pain/comfort were the most affected participation dimensions (P < .05). Conclusions This study highlights the need for comprehensive up‐to‐date evaluation methods according to the ICF model for understanding rehabilitation requirements in CF and non‐CF bronchiectasis in different age groups.

Evaluating the contribution of the Glittre‐ADL test in adults with cystic fibrosis

“…In fact, we did not observe significant correlations between lung function and TGlittre time. Our findings are in agreement with the study by Almeida et al (2021) worthy that, unlike TGlittre, 6MWD was correlated with spirometry in previous studies evaluating CF people (Ozipek et al, 2020;Ribeiro Moço et al, 2015;Troosters et al, 2009). Thus, it is possible that the 6MWD performance may depend more on the ventilatory reserve than the TGlittre time, especially because the 6MWT takes longer to complete (Marinho et al, 2016).…”

“…Some factors can affect the skeletal muscle of people with CF, such as systemic inflammation, nutritional imbalance, electrolyte disturbances, chronic hypoxia, inactivity, and corticosteroid use (Arikan et al, 2015;Troosters et al, 2009) (Enright et al, 2007). In this regard, we observed that the TGlittre time was correlated with HGS, which is in agreement with Ozipek et al (2020), who observed an association of TGlittre time with the function of several peripheral muscle groups in children with CF. In fact, HGS is a clinical marker of poor physical performance and all-cause mortality (Lima et al, 2019).…”

“…It is possible that the severity of the extrapulmonary manifestations in adult CF may be involved in the TGlittre performance of these patients due to the contributions of peripheral muscle dysfunction and nutritional status. It is noteworthy that, unlike TGlittre, 6MWD was correlated with spirometry in previous studies evaluating CF people (Ozipek et al., 2020; Ribeiro Moço et al., 2015; Troosters et al., 2009). Thus, it is possible that the 6MWD performance may depend more on the ventilatory reserve than the TGlittre time, especially because the 6MWT takes longer to complete (Marinho et al., 2016).…”

Aerobic exercise capacity, cough strength, posture, and depression in primary ciliary dyskinesia

“…However, several studies demonstrated postural abnormalities in patients with chronic lung diseases. Similar to these results, Ozipek et al showed that children with CF and non‐CF bronchiectasis had impaired posture 40 . Another study stated that children and young adults with CF had more frequent spinal and lower extremity deformities 41 .…”

“…Similar to these results, Ozipek et al showed that children with CF and non-CF bronchiectasis had impaired posture. 40 Another study stated that children and young adults with CF had more frequent spinal and lower extremity deformities. 41 Lopes et al showed that children with persistent asthma had higher protraction of the head and shoulder.…”